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well good evening ladies and gentlemen

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i'm jack daly the john and adrian mars

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director of the smithsonian's national

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air and space museum

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and it's my great pleasure to welcome

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you to the 13th annual john glenn

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lecture in spacex history

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we inaugurated the glenn lecture in 2004

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it quickly became one of our most

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popular annual events and tonight is no

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exception

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our program this evening will feature a

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historic conversation between a

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legendary space pioneer in a visionary

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rocket entrepreneur

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in addition to those of you lucky enough

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to secure tickets many more will be

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watching on a live white webcast

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which also will be in our archive so if

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you want to review it sometime in the

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future

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the

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young senator glenn can't be with us

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tonight but he sends his best regards

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his accomplishments as a pilot astronaut

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statesmen are all

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a great inspiration for all of us

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thank you to our speakers for being here

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tonight

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mr david rubenstein co-founder and

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co-ceo of the carlisle group

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region of the smithsonian will be

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tonight's moderator

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mr jeff bezos founder and ceo of

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amazon.com and blue origin

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is here to discuss what it will take to

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unlock space flight for everyone

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everywhere

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and coming home tonight is major general

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michael collins who once held what some

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have called the best job in the world

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director of the smithsonian's national

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air and space museum

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as the founding director general collins

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was responsible for the design and

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construction of this building which

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opened as a bicentennial gift for

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american people on july 1st 1976

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more than

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327 million visitors have walked through

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this museum since it opened

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the uh

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it confirm

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our doors in confirming that the museum

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he built

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like the ship he flew to the moon is a

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priceless national treasure

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in just two weeks on july 1st we will

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celebrate four decades of unparalleled

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success and rededicate our main gallery

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the boeing milestones of flight hall

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that gallery where so many millions have

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discovered the story of light is one of

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the world's great public spaces

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and we have boeing to thank for helping

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us reinvent it for the decades ahead

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over many years boeing has partnered

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with the smithsonian on countless

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important projects from supporting the

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boeing milestones of flight hall and the

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boeing aviation hangar at the stephen f

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udrihazi center

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in chantilly virginia who's sponsoring

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the john glenn lecture series

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we would not be the museum we are today

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without their support

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on behalf of the museum and our past

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present and future visitors i want to

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thank boeing for their steadfast support

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we look forward to celebrating the

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company the company's centennial

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anniversary

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along with our country's 240th

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anniversary all on the first of july

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where we'll have an all-nighter and

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you're all

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invited

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when i disapproved that the first time

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they came back and said you're not the

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so i'll get it started and i hope you

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have a great time

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it's a

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over the minute let's see i guess i

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better get on to the next it's now a

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great pleasure to introduce the chairman

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president and chief executive officer of

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the boeing company company mr dennis

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all right well uh good evening and uh

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it's really a pleasure to be here with

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all of you and jack thank you for that

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uh kinder introduction and the kind

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words about the boeing company

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we are honored uh to support and partner

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with you in the national air and space

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museum uh it's a really important

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mission and uh thank you as well for

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your leadership

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and your service to our country and

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and as as general daly said this is an

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exciting year for us the 40th

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anniversary of the national air and

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space museum

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boeing will be celebrating its

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centennial

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will be 100 years old on july 15 we'll

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have that early celebration on july 1 as

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you said

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and it's one that's involved all aspects

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of aerospace and we think about during

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that first century

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of aviation

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people went from

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walking on the earth to walking on the

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moon and we went from riding horses to

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flying in airplanes and spaceships it's

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been an incredible journey and and

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boeing's been honored to be a part of

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that and tonight it's my privilege to

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introduce uh the speakers and moderator

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that will be leading tonight's

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discussion around space and i can tell

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you personally as a space enthusiast uh

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how excited i am that this is the the

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topic for tonight uh first of all again

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i want to recognize uh michael collins

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it's a it's a privilege to have a

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national hero here with us tonight and i

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mentioned earlier that uh when i told my

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15 year old son that i was going to meet

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him this evening

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he said no way

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and

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so uh

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he's he's done a lot to inspire the

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country and i i think we can all

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remember back to uh the apollo 11

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mission whether we saw it real time or

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have seen it since

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boeing was proud to be part of the

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apollo missions but the inspiration that

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that created and the long-term impact to

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our country and to the world

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is is well recognized so it's it's great

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to have michael here with us tonight the

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command uh module pilot for the apollo

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11 mission

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uh also uh tonight it's a great

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privilege for us to be here with jeff

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bezos

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one of the great entrepreneurs of our

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time a great business leader and another

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space enthusiast and among other things

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at the boeing company we have the

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privilege of working with jeff and his

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blue origin team on a future rocket

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engine and in space opportunities but

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more broadly than that jeff is and his

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team are breaking barriers in low-cost

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reliable space access and just

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fundamentally changing the equation but

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how we'll get to space in the future and

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that is exciting to see and and we're

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honored to partner with you in aspects

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of that and uh thanks for your

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leadership as well and then lastly i'd

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like to recognize david rubenstein as

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well david's been a great friend and a

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business leader community leader

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philanthropist well-known here in the

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washington dc community and more broadly

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also a great historian a great a great

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fan of the space business

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and uh and also a great supporter of the

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national air and space museum and david

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will be our moderator uh this evening so

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if i could i'd like to welcome all three

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of you fine gentlemen uh up to the stage

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here and we look forward to the

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and my uh i think my last duty here

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you're gonna get it

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my last duty here was to try to make

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this uh

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podium descend now i'm a engineer by

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training so i suspect this was the real

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reason for my invitation tonight

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that's boeing technology there

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all right thank you very much all right

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okay

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so how many people here would like to go

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into space

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okay how many people would like to go to

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the moon

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okay

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all right you can hear a lot about that

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tonight uh but first let me start um

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you can hear me okay

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so let me ask you each individual

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question first

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if

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michael collins

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um you were the first director of this

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museum getting it off the ground getting

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the money for it and so forth was doing

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i think it probably would have been and

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except it was for barry goldwater who

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wanted badly to get this museum uh

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underway and what he told me was if

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you're ever

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here with a kin

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please mention them so i'd be delighted

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to mention that i'm here with my

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daughter kate from chicago who

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to some of you soap opera fans is better

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known as natalie

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and

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ann from

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boston now and

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i don't know about a space buff i asked

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her suppose she had been

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in neil armstrong's shoes

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would she have said uh

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one small step for a woman she shot back

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so

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don't know okay

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all right and jeff you've built one of

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the greatest technology companies in the

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world in just 20 some years you've taken

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a company from nothing to amazon which

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everybody in the world now knows and

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most people in the world seem to use

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was that harder to do than trying to get

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a

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myself

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in my 1987 chevy blazer dreaming that

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one day i might be able to afford a

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forklift

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and the internet that's 1995

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and you know 21 years later the internet

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is this gigantic thing and there are

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many many successful companies and

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the entrepreneurial dynamism

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that you see on the internet is

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incredible and really with blue origin

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you know that this new challenge that

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i'm taking out with blue origin what i

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want to do is put the heavy lifting

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infrastructure in place

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so that the next generation can have a

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dynamic entrepreneurial explosion of

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ideas and inventions in space just like

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we've had with the internet and the

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reason you can't do that today is

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because there's just too much heavy

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lifting involved literally you know

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getting to space is so expensive and so

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hard

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when we started amazon i didn't have to

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build a logistics infrastructure system

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to deliver parcels there was something

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already ups already existed and the u.s

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postal service already existed i didn't

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need to build a remote payment system

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there were already credit cards

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and similarly you know there were

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computers around and you know that

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didn't have to get all those things

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would have been tens of billions or

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hundreds of billions of dollars of

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infrastructure the long distance phone

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network became the backbone of the

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internet but it already existed

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and so you could have this dynamic

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entrepreneurial explosion because all

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00:11:15,509 --> 00:11:12,959
the heavy capex

285
00:11:16,949 --> 00:11:15,519
infrastructure was in place for space

286
00:11:19,430 --> 00:11:16,959
it's not like that the price of

287
00:11:21,509 --> 00:11:19,440
admission is so high so that's the big

288
00:11:23,430 --> 00:11:21,519
difference and what i'm super excited

289
00:11:25,590 --> 00:11:23,440
about is lowering that cost i want to

290
00:11:27,350 --> 00:11:25,600
dramatically lower that cost

291
00:11:29,829 --> 00:11:27,360
so that 20 years from now a new

292
00:11:30,630 --> 00:11:29,839
generation of people with startup money

293
00:11:35,590 --> 00:11:30,640
real

294
00:11:36,870 --> 00:11:35,600
can do amazing things in space think how

295
00:11:39,110 --> 00:11:36,880
cool that would be

296
00:11:40,790 --> 00:11:39,120
let me do a follow-up with you why is it

297
00:11:42,870 --> 00:11:40,800
that the people who are trying to build

298
00:11:44,710 --> 00:11:42,880
great space companies now all have day

299
00:11:46,630 --> 00:11:44,720
jobs doing something else richard

300
00:11:48,310 --> 00:11:46,640
branson has a day job

301
00:11:50,550 --> 00:11:48,320
elon musk has a day job you have a day

302
00:11:52,150 --> 00:11:50,560
job why don't people have full-time jobs

303
00:11:54,230 --> 00:11:52,160
just getting people into space why is it

304
00:11:56,550 --> 00:11:54,240
only people like you who have day jobs

305
00:11:58,629 --> 00:11:56,560
are doing all these things well for one

306
00:12:00,710 --> 00:11:58,639
thing it's expensive you need a

307
00:12:01,910 --> 00:12:00,720
lucrative day job so you can afford your

308
00:12:03,590 --> 00:12:01,920
night job

309
00:12:06,069 --> 00:12:03,600
it's um

310
00:12:07,670 --> 00:12:06,079
and and you know blue origin is i think

311
00:12:09,030 --> 00:12:07,680
going to be a profitable business one

312
00:12:10,550 --> 00:12:09,040
day i certainly want it to be i think

313
00:12:11,509 --> 00:12:10,560
that's healthy and it would be you know

314
00:12:13,430 --> 00:12:11,519
you want businesses to be

315
00:12:16,150 --> 00:12:13,440
self-sustaining so they can do amazing

316
00:12:17,990 --> 00:12:16,160
things but it needs a lot of funding and

317
00:12:20,710 --> 00:12:18,000
it needs a lot of funding for a long

318
00:12:22,230 --> 00:12:20,720
time in that investment phase

319
00:12:24,150 --> 00:12:22,240
and so i'm very happy to do that but

320
00:12:26,389 --> 00:12:24,160
until i can only do it because i was

321
00:12:28,230 --> 00:12:26,399
lucky with amazon michael let me ask you

322
00:12:30,470 --> 00:12:28,240
a question um this is something that's

323
00:12:32,629 --> 00:12:30,480
hard to believe you landed in on the

324
00:12:34,949 --> 00:12:32,639
moon in july or you and your team landed

325
00:12:36,949 --> 00:12:34,959
in july of 1969 we're going to get into

326
00:12:38,150 --> 00:12:36,959
that in a moment but why do you think so

327
00:12:39,750 --> 00:12:38,160
many people in the world or at least

328
00:12:41,509 --> 00:12:39,760
some people in the world still think

329
00:12:44,069 --> 00:12:41,519
that it was fake and that it was

330
00:12:45,509 --> 00:12:44,079
actually in a studio and uh was there a

331
00:12:47,509 --> 00:12:45,519
studio you actually filmed this in or

332
00:12:49,509 --> 00:12:47,519
where did they bring it happen though

333
00:12:51,829 --> 00:12:49,519
no i'd love to get them all together in

334
00:12:53,750 --> 00:12:51,839
one room you know and pick their brains

335
00:12:55,910 --> 00:12:53,760
i think it'd be fun well

336
00:12:58,310 --> 00:12:55,920
the the wright brothers uh flew in kitty

337
00:12:59,750 --> 00:12:58,320
hawk north carolina i think was december

338
00:13:02,790 --> 00:12:59,760
17th

339
00:13:04,870 --> 00:13:02,800
and the evening before the 16th every

340
00:13:07,590 --> 00:13:04,880
year they they they have the meeting of

341
00:13:09,590 --> 00:13:07,600
the man will never fly society

342
00:13:11,750 --> 00:13:09,600
and one year i was their guest speaker

343
00:13:13,750 --> 00:13:11,760
it was one of the finest speeches i've

344
00:13:15,829 --> 00:13:13,760
ever made and

345
00:13:18,870 --> 00:13:15,839
i was forced to reveal that it did take

346
00:13:21,269 --> 00:13:18,880
place if you drive south out of

347
00:13:23,670 --> 00:13:21,279
kitty hawk or this gigantic sand dune

348
00:13:26,389 --> 00:13:23,680
just past the village of rodante and

349
00:13:27,269 --> 00:13:26,399
we'd film just on the other side of that

350
00:13:31,110 --> 00:13:27,279
and

351
00:13:32,870 --> 00:13:31,120
unretouched

352
00:13:35,190 --> 00:13:32,880
nasa photographs

353
00:13:37,509 --> 00:13:35,200
now you see a

354
00:13:40,069 --> 00:13:37,519
crushed pack of marlboros over here and

355
00:13:43,030 --> 00:13:40,079
a dr pepper can over there

356
00:13:45,030 --> 00:13:43,040
that's proof man so i uh what was your

357
00:13:46,710 --> 00:13:45,040
question again quite a pretty good

358
00:13:49,030 --> 00:13:46,720
answer

359
00:13:51,670 --> 00:13:49,040
for both of you um in the heyday of the

360
00:13:53,750 --> 00:13:51,680
uh mercury gemini and apollo program

361
00:13:55,750 --> 00:13:53,760
everybody's attention was kept captured

362
00:13:57,430 --> 00:13:55,760
by it captivated by it congress was

363
00:13:59,269 --> 00:13:57,440
putting up money everybody seemed to

364
00:14:00,550 --> 00:13:59,279
want to have the astronauts go to where

365
00:14:02,470 --> 00:14:00,560
they were going everybody wanted to be

366
00:14:04,790 --> 00:14:02,480
an astronaut why do you think the u.s

367
00:14:06,790 --> 00:14:04,800
government has basically receded a bit

368
00:14:08,629 --> 00:14:06,800
in its mission to go back to the moon or

369
00:14:10,310 --> 00:14:08,639
to go to mars and why is it that

370
00:14:11,350 --> 00:14:10,320
entrepreneurs are now leading the effort

371
00:14:13,030 --> 00:14:11,360
there's nothing wrong with that but

372
00:14:15,269 --> 00:14:13,040
where is the u.s government is it a case

373
00:14:17,269 --> 00:14:15,279
of done there done that been there and i

374
00:14:18,870 --> 00:14:17,279
don't want to do it anymore yes but for

375
00:14:22,629 --> 00:14:18,880
both of you

376
00:14:25,509 --> 00:14:22,639
um well i think most most things uh

377
00:14:28,550 --> 00:14:25,519
especially in the world of economics and

378
00:14:29,750 --> 00:14:28,560
the economy are cyclical and uh

379
00:14:32,069 --> 00:14:29,760
and and we

380
00:14:34,069 --> 00:14:32,079
came to kind of a crest on the wave in

381
00:14:36,470 --> 00:14:34,079
the latter days of the apollo program

382
00:14:39,829 --> 00:14:36,480
and that momentum was hard to keep going

383
00:14:41,829 --> 00:14:39,839
i think we're in a time of hiatus now

384
00:14:44,870 --> 00:14:41,839
and i think the momentum has

385
00:14:49,350 --> 00:14:44,880
possibilities of picking up again i hope

386
00:14:51,670 --> 00:14:49,360
so to me the focus should be on mars

387
00:14:54,150 --> 00:14:51,680
my friend neil armstrong who is a far

388
00:14:56,629 --> 00:14:54,160
better engineer than than i

389
00:14:59,269 --> 00:14:56,639
thought it was worthwhile to

390
00:15:01,670 --> 00:14:59,279
stop off and

391
00:15:04,069 --> 00:15:01,680
get a little more organized on the moon

392
00:15:06,150 --> 00:15:04,079
before heading on to mars i disagree

393
00:15:08,230 --> 00:15:06,160
with that i think we ought to just go i

394
00:15:10,790 --> 00:15:08,240
used to joke that i i thought nasa

395
00:15:13,670 --> 00:15:10,800
should be renamed in nama the national

396
00:15:15,910 --> 00:15:13,680
aeronautics and mars association and i

397
00:15:18,389 --> 00:15:15,920
still uh to some extent would like to

398
00:15:19,750 --> 00:15:18,399
see that but anyway on to mars right so

399
00:15:21,269 --> 00:15:19,760
why do you think it is that the u.s

400
00:15:22,629 --> 00:15:21,279
government basically has receded a bit

401
00:15:23,750 --> 00:15:22,639
and entrepreneurs have the opportunity

402
00:15:25,509 --> 00:15:23,760
to do it do you think there's some way

403
00:15:26,629 --> 00:15:25,519
to recapture the us government's

404
00:15:28,470 --> 00:15:26,639
interest in us

405
00:15:31,269 --> 00:15:28,480
well i don't i think if you think back

406
00:15:33,670 --> 00:15:31,279
to the kind of the heyday of the 1960s

407
00:15:35,749 --> 00:15:33,680
and the apollo program and all of that

408
00:15:37,269 --> 00:15:35,759
excitement

409
00:15:40,710 --> 00:15:37,279
i i

410
00:15:43,590 --> 00:15:40,720
my my my gut instinct on this is that we

411
00:15:45,670 --> 00:15:43,600
as a civilization we as humanity

412
00:15:47,189 --> 00:15:45,680
pulled that moon landing

413
00:15:49,430 --> 00:15:47,199
way forward

414
00:15:50,870 --> 00:15:49,440
out of sequence from where it actually

415
00:15:51,990 --> 00:15:50,880
should have been

416
00:15:56,069 --> 00:15:52,000
it was

417
00:15:56,870 --> 00:15:56,079
a gigantic effort with what is

418
00:15:59,430 --> 00:15:56,880
uh

419
00:16:02,230 --> 00:15:59,440
in many ways it's it should have been

420
00:16:04,629 --> 00:16:02,240
impossible and they pulled it off with

421
00:16:07,269 --> 00:16:04,639
you know barely any computational power

422
00:16:09,590 --> 00:16:07,279
they were still using slide rules they

423
00:16:11,990 --> 00:16:09,600
couldn't numerically model in computers

424
00:16:13,829 --> 00:16:12,000
a lot of these important processes like

425
00:16:15,509 --> 00:16:13,839
combustion inside a rocket engine which

426
00:16:17,030 --> 00:16:15,519
is still hard today but we can do it a

427
00:16:18,790 --> 00:16:17,040
little bit

428
00:16:20,629 --> 00:16:18,800
they didn't have computational fluid

429
00:16:22,470 --> 00:16:20,639
dynamics to really everything had to be

430
00:16:25,430 --> 00:16:22,480
done in a wind tunnel nothing could be

431
00:16:27,990 --> 00:16:25,440
done on a computer so my i think the

432
00:16:31,350 --> 00:16:28,000
reason we've sort of taken a hiatus

433
00:16:33,430 --> 00:16:31,360
maybe in part at least is because we

434
00:16:35,030 --> 00:16:33,440
did we pulled that forward to a time

435
00:16:36,470 --> 00:16:35,040
when it should have been impossible and

436
00:16:37,749 --> 00:16:36,480
then once it was done

437
00:16:39,990 --> 00:16:37,759
we kind of had to wait and let

438
00:16:42,470 --> 00:16:40,000
technology catch up you know the reason

439
00:16:44,389 --> 00:16:42,480
that blue origin and spacex and virgin

440
00:16:46,870 --> 00:16:44,399
galactic and all these companies today

441
00:16:49,189 --> 00:16:46,880
any of these private companies the only

442
00:16:51,350 --> 00:16:49,199
reason that we can do this kind of

443
00:16:53,509 --> 00:16:51,360
endeavor at all is because we're

444
00:16:54,710 --> 00:16:53,519
standing on the shoulders of nasa who

445
00:16:56,949 --> 00:16:54,720
invented

446
00:16:58,389 --> 00:16:56,959
all of this technology we're still using

447
00:17:00,470 --> 00:16:58,399
all the things that they invented back

448
00:17:01,350 --> 00:17:00,480
in the 60s we have refined versions of

449
00:17:03,990 --> 00:17:01,360
it

450
00:17:07,110 --> 00:17:04,000
but even the computer codes that we use

451
00:17:09,909 --> 00:17:07,120
to validate our designs have been you

452
00:17:11,669 --> 00:17:09,919
know honed and and and fine-tuned by

453
00:17:13,669 --> 00:17:11,679
nasa over decades

454
00:17:16,069 --> 00:17:13,679
so this is um

455
00:17:18,309 --> 00:17:16,079
uh i i think we're finally entering i

456
00:17:20,870 --> 00:17:18,319
believe that we are entering a new

457
00:17:23,110 --> 00:17:20,880
golden age of space and space

458
00:17:24,789 --> 00:17:23,120
exploration and that the time has come

459
00:17:26,630 --> 00:17:24,799
for that to happen because we as a

460
00:17:27,750 --> 00:17:26,640
species have

461
00:17:29,350 --> 00:17:27,760
have uh

462
00:17:31,270 --> 00:17:29,360
up leveled ourselves in terms of

463
00:17:34,070 --> 00:17:31,280
technology we're ready to do it now it's

464
00:17:35,750 --> 00:17:34,080
amazing that we did it in 1969. so it's

465
00:17:36,630 --> 00:17:35,760
crazy let's suppose the next president

466
00:17:38,070 --> 00:17:36,640
united states we're having a

467
00:17:40,470 --> 00:17:38,080
presidential election everybody knows

468
00:17:42,310 --> 00:17:40,480
that and whoever is elected suppose that

469
00:17:45,110 --> 00:17:42,320
person calls you up and says i want to

470
00:17:46,710 --> 00:17:45,120
jump start the space program give me

471
00:17:48,390 --> 00:17:46,720
some advice what should i do should i go

472
00:17:50,070 --> 00:17:48,400
to back to the moon should i go to mars

473
00:17:51,750 --> 00:17:50,080
should i go into no planets should i

474
00:17:53,750 --> 00:17:51,760
build a space shuttle again what should

475
00:17:55,669 --> 00:17:53,760
i do and michael what would you say the

476
00:17:57,750 --> 00:17:55,679
next president united states uh about

477
00:17:59,430 --> 00:17:57,760
how to jump straight yeah i've never i'd

478
00:18:01,830 --> 00:17:59,440
probably be so nervous i dropped the

479
00:18:03,830 --> 00:18:01,840
telephone i uh i've never had the

480
00:18:05,510 --> 00:18:03,840
president united states to ask me a

481
00:18:07,750 --> 00:18:05,520
question like that

482
00:18:09,909 --> 00:18:07,760
as i said earlier i happen to believe in

483
00:18:12,950 --> 00:18:09,919
mars i think one of the wonderful things

484
00:18:15,830 --> 00:18:12,960
about the apollo program was what john f

485
00:18:17,590 --> 00:18:15,840
kennedy said uh he was president he said

486
00:18:19,110 --> 00:18:17,600
we want a man on the moon by the end of

487
00:18:20,710 --> 00:18:19,120
the decade

488
00:18:22,230 --> 00:18:20,720
simple i mean did you have questions

489
00:18:24,789 --> 00:18:22,240
about that maybe something about that

490
00:18:27,270 --> 00:18:24,799
you didn't understand i mean we all

491
00:18:29,029 --> 00:18:27,280
understood what it was what we were

492
00:18:30,950 --> 00:18:29,039
supposed to do

493
00:18:34,230 --> 00:18:30,960
and

494
00:18:37,029 --> 00:18:34,240
we need something similar to that today

495
00:18:38,630 --> 00:18:37,039
i don't know what that is

496
00:18:41,190 --> 00:18:38,640
as i say my

497
00:18:43,750 --> 00:18:41,200
i have every hope and

498
00:18:45,830 --> 00:18:43,760
i think mars is is the focus that we

499
00:18:48,070 --> 00:18:45,840
should have but whatever it is we want

500
00:18:49,990 --> 00:18:48,080
to do you need a lot of support from the

501
00:18:52,230 --> 00:18:50,000
president united states

502
00:18:54,390 --> 00:18:52,240
you have to have the feeling that he's a

503
00:18:57,750 --> 00:18:54,400
man or a woman who

504
00:19:00,070 --> 00:18:57,760
thinks about space likes the exploration

505
00:19:02,549 --> 00:19:00,080
of space thinks it's a worthwhile

506
00:19:05,270 --> 00:19:02,559
investment for our government and puts

507
00:19:07,190 --> 00:19:05,280
it pretty high on the priority list

508
00:19:09,190 --> 00:19:07,200
now regardless of parties and who you

509
00:19:11,190 --> 00:19:09,200
like or don't like we we really haven't

510
00:19:13,750 --> 00:19:11,200
had that personal involvement of a

511
00:19:17,190 --> 00:19:13,760
president i don't think since uh john f

512
00:19:19,990 --> 00:19:17,200
kennedy but it was a wonderful help for

513
00:19:22,630 --> 00:19:20,000
us to just say what the president said

514
00:19:24,870 --> 00:19:22,640
there it is it's stark it's outline you

515
00:19:27,190 --> 00:19:24,880
can you could write it on your thumbnail

516
00:19:28,710 --> 00:19:27,200
and off you go jeff what would you do if

517
00:19:30,310 --> 00:19:28,720
the president called you and said i want

518
00:19:31,669 --> 00:19:30,320
to get the government to help

519
00:19:33,830 --> 00:19:31,679
entrepreneurs like you and i want to

520
00:19:35,510 --> 00:19:33,840
jump start public interest in uh in

521
00:19:36,390 --> 00:19:35,520
space what would you recommend to him i

522
00:19:37,350 --> 00:19:36,400
think

523
00:19:41,510 --> 00:19:37,360
a

524
00:19:43,430 --> 00:19:41,520
to do so

525
00:19:45,590 --> 00:19:43,440
the just like darpa has done their darpa

526
00:19:47,990 --> 00:19:45,600
grand challenges to for which really

527
00:19:49,830 --> 00:19:48,000
kicked off self-driving cars

528
00:19:52,630 --> 00:19:49,840
you could for example you know nasa for

529
00:19:54,230 --> 00:19:52,640
many years has planned and done quite

530
00:19:57,029 --> 00:19:54,240
detailed planning on a mars sample

531
00:19:59,750 --> 00:19:57,039
return mission so an automated robotic

532
00:20:01,909 --> 00:19:59,760
vehicle that goes to mars lands on mars

533
00:20:04,390 --> 00:20:01,919
collects some mars

534
00:20:06,630 --> 00:20:04,400
samples and then lifts back off and

535
00:20:08,549 --> 00:20:06,640
comes back to earth and brings some

536
00:20:09,990 --> 00:20:08,559
martian samples back it's a very

537
00:20:12,230 --> 00:20:10,000
expensive mission to do it's a very

538
00:20:13,669 --> 00:20:12,240
complex mission to do

539
00:20:15,350 --> 00:20:13,679
the you know one thing that the

540
00:20:16,710 --> 00:20:15,360
government could do is just offer a very

541
00:20:19,270 --> 00:20:16,720
large prize

542
00:20:20,630 --> 00:20:19,280
to whoever first brings back some mars

543
00:20:23,990 --> 00:20:20,640
samples

544
00:20:25,590 --> 00:20:24,000
it would be very interesting it would be

545
00:20:27,430 --> 00:20:25,600
that kind of horse race would create

546
00:20:29,909 --> 00:20:27,440
lots of attention

547
00:20:31,510 --> 00:20:29,919
people would compete for it

548
00:20:33,750 --> 00:20:31,520
and

549
00:20:35,669 --> 00:20:33,760
who knows how it would end but also if

550
00:20:37,270 --> 00:20:35,679
nobody brings the samples back it costs

551
00:20:40,870 --> 00:20:37,280
taxpayers nothing

552
00:20:42,950 --> 00:20:40,880
so it's a very effective way of getting

553
00:20:44,630 --> 00:20:42,960
a lot of interest and a lot of teams

554
00:20:48,390 --> 00:20:44,640
competing and trying to come up with

555
00:20:51,029 --> 00:20:48,400
creative ways to do that i also would

556
00:20:53,350 --> 00:20:51,039
advise that nasa needs to go after

557
00:20:55,990 --> 00:20:53,360
gigantic

558
00:20:58,070 --> 00:20:56,000
hard technology goals

559
00:21:00,950 --> 00:20:58,080
an example would be an in-space

560
00:21:04,310 --> 00:21:00,960
qualified nuclear reactor

561
00:21:06,070 --> 00:21:04,320
for deep space missions um another very

562
00:21:07,430 --> 00:21:06,080
difficult very challenging not something

563
00:21:09,510 --> 00:21:07,440
that private enterprise is going to

564
00:21:11,909 --> 00:21:09,520
undertake anytime soon another

565
00:21:13,190 --> 00:21:11,919
gigantically hard mission that nasa

566
00:21:15,190 --> 00:21:13,200
could undertake which would be very

567
00:21:17,750 --> 00:21:15,200
exciting would be hypersonic

568
00:21:19,350 --> 00:21:17,760
point-to-point travel so on earth but

569
00:21:20,870 --> 00:21:19,360
that that you know because nasa isn't

570
00:21:23,750 --> 00:21:20,880
just about space

571
00:21:26,070 --> 00:21:23,760
so i think prizes and then really hard

572
00:21:28,630 --> 00:21:26,080
technology programs all right now do

573
00:21:30,230 --> 00:21:28,640
either of you believe in ufos do you

574
00:21:32,070 --> 00:21:30,240
what do you think happened in roswell in

575
00:21:34,870 --> 00:21:32,080
mexico do you think we've ever had any

576
00:21:37,590 --> 00:21:34,880
ufos in our in our earth well one of the

577
00:21:39,830 --> 00:21:37,600
horrible things is that word ufo because

578
00:21:41,909 --> 00:21:39,840
anyone who's flown in the night sky or

579
00:21:42,950 --> 00:21:41,919
the day sky occasionally you see

580
00:21:45,190 --> 00:21:42,960
something

581
00:21:47,270 --> 00:21:45,200
the lubbock lights you know it's a flock

582
00:21:49,830 --> 00:21:47,280
of geese where things just happen to be

583
00:21:52,549 --> 00:21:49,840
pointed properly at it and

584
00:21:55,909 --> 00:21:52,559
so have i ever seen a ufo yes i have

585
00:21:58,149 --> 00:21:55,919
seen an un identified object in the sky

586
00:22:01,029 --> 00:21:58,159
do i think it was inhabited by little

587
00:22:03,669 --> 00:22:01,039
green men from far away no it's some

588
00:22:05,350 --> 00:22:03,679
aberrant lighting condition that caused

589
00:22:07,510 --> 00:22:05,360
it but i'm not answering your question

590
00:22:09,029 --> 00:22:07,520
ask me again what was the question

591
00:22:10,149 --> 00:22:09,039
well on the back side of the moon when

592
00:22:11,830 --> 00:22:10,159
you went on the backside of the moon you

593
00:22:14,070 --> 00:22:11,840
didn't see any little men or women

594
00:22:15,430 --> 00:22:14,080
walking around there did you no no no no

595
00:22:16,789 --> 00:22:15,440
the back side of the moon was kind of

596
00:22:19,669 --> 00:22:16,799
nice you know i couldn't hear mission

597
00:22:23,669 --> 00:22:21,990
apollo 11 do this do that check that

598
00:22:25,190 --> 00:22:23,679
flex the other

599
00:22:26,549 --> 00:22:25,200
was pleasant

600
00:22:27,669 --> 00:22:26,559
you believe there are ufos do you

601
00:22:30,070 --> 00:22:27,679
believe you believe there's life

602
00:22:31,590 --> 00:22:30,080
elsewhere in the galaxy oh yes i think

603
00:22:33,350 --> 00:22:31,600
there's life elsewhere in the galaxy but

604
00:22:35,750 --> 00:22:33,360
i do not think they have visited us and

605
00:22:37,430 --> 00:22:35,760
they're not abducting people and

606
00:22:39,669 --> 00:22:37,440
uh it's not a giant government

607
00:22:41,430 --> 00:22:39,679
conspiracy to hide you no i think when

608
00:22:43,430 --> 00:22:41,440
the ufos come if they ever do they'll

609
00:22:45,430 --> 00:22:43,440
make themselves quite visible okay so

610
00:22:48,149 --> 00:22:45,440
michael let me ask you how did you first

611
00:22:50,630 --> 00:22:48,159
get involved in the space program you uh

612
00:22:52,310 --> 00:22:50,640
were you're a graduate of west point and

613
00:22:53,990 --> 00:22:52,320
you ultimately were a fighter pilot but

614
00:22:55,190 --> 00:22:54,000
how did you get selected initially you

615
00:23:00,070 --> 00:22:55,200
weren't selected initially but how did

616
00:23:04,070 --> 00:23:01,750
ultimately you got selected well i mean

617
00:23:06,470 --> 00:23:04,080
i wasn't eight years old and looked up

618
00:23:09,270 --> 00:23:06,480
into the night sky and said the moon's

619
00:23:11,190 --> 00:23:09,280
for me i used to make model airplanes oh

620
00:23:13,350 --> 00:23:11,200
by the way neely used to make model neil

621
00:23:15,190 --> 00:23:13,360
armstrong made model airplanes he and i

622
00:23:16,149 --> 00:23:15,200
tell me the difference

623
00:23:17,669 --> 00:23:16,159
um

624
00:23:20,149 --> 00:23:17,679
mine that's how you get selected make a

625
00:23:22,230 --> 00:23:20,159
model mine would confuse me a little bit

626
00:23:23,990 --> 00:23:22,240
i wasn't sure we both wanted performance

627
00:23:25,270 --> 00:23:24,000
higher and faster

628
00:23:31,830 --> 00:23:25,280
and

629
00:23:35,990 --> 00:23:31,840
a little bit more a couple extra turns

630
00:23:40,070 --> 00:23:38,310
did you know that i didn't know that

631
00:23:43,190 --> 00:23:40,080
well anyway

632
00:23:44,070 --> 00:23:43,200
i i i got into it step by step i went to

633
00:23:49,750 --> 00:23:44,080
uh

634
00:23:51,590 --> 00:23:49,760
father my brother my uncle had all gone

635
00:23:54,149 --> 00:23:51,600
there but fundamentally i went there

636
00:23:57,350 --> 00:23:54,159
because it was a free education

637
00:23:58,870 --> 00:23:57,360
then i had a choice army or air force my

638
00:24:01,029 --> 00:23:58,880
uncle was

639
00:24:03,510 --> 00:24:01,039
army chief of staff

640
00:24:06,710 --> 00:24:03,520
nepotism i snuck off to the air force

641
00:24:07,669 --> 00:24:06,720
then the choice is fly or don't fly then

642
00:24:09,830 --> 00:24:07,679
fly

643
00:24:11,830 --> 00:24:09,840
big ones are little ones oh little ones

644
00:24:15,830 --> 00:24:11,840
are better than the big ones sorry

645
00:24:19,909 --> 00:24:17,350
but

646
00:24:21,510 --> 00:24:19,919
then fly the same ones over and over or

647
00:24:22,870 --> 00:24:21,520
fly the new ones i want to fly the new

648
00:24:24,630 --> 00:24:22,880
ones

649
00:24:26,390 --> 00:24:24,640
next thing you knew i was a test pilot

650
00:24:28,390 --> 00:24:26,400
and nasa was looking for test pilots it

651
00:24:30,310 --> 00:24:28,400
was that simple just a stair step so

652
00:24:31,830 --> 00:24:30,320
when you finally got selected

653
00:24:33,990 --> 00:24:31,840
and you get to meet the other astronauts

654
00:24:37,029 --> 00:24:34,000
do you say how did i get here or how did

655
00:24:39,110 --> 00:24:37,039
they get here no no no we were

656
00:24:41,590 --> 00:24:39,120
no no back up a bit

657
00:24:42,470 --> 00:24:41,600
before there really was a space program

658
00:24:43,350 --> 00:24:42,480
uh

659
00:24:45,269 --> 00:24:43,360
people

660
00:24:47,990 --> 00:24:45,279
uh this you know the bureaucrats or

661
00:24:49,830 --> 00:24:48,000
whoever the scientists the medics

662
00:24:51,830 --> 00:24:49,840
all got together and tried to figure out

663
00:24:53,029 --> 00:24:51,840
who who did they want to hire what kind

664
00:24:55,269 --> 00:24:53,039
of people

665
00:24:57,590 --> 00:24:55,279
and their you know some of the proposals

666
00:24:58,630 --> 00:24:57,600
were bizarre i mean we couldn't breathe

667
00:25:00,149 --> 00:24:58,640
so we

668
00:25:03,350 --> 00:25:00,159
picked mountain climbers they're used to

669
00:25:05,430 --> 00:25:03,360
that stuff or you're going to become so

670
00:25:08,390 --> 00:25:05,440
enraptured by space you're not going to

671
00:25:09,830 --> 00:25:08,400
want to return it's similar to some

672
00:25:11,750 --> 00:25:09,840
scuba divers

673
00:25:13,430 --> 00:25:11,760
so you get a scuba diver

674
00:25:15,590 --> 00:25:13,440
some said no it's

675
00:25:17,269 --> 00:25:15,600
it's dangerous so we ought to get

676
00:25:17,990 --> 00:25:17,279
bull fighters huh

677
00:25:21,750 --> 00:25:18,000
and

678
00:25:24,789 --> 00:25:21,760
so all these crazy ideas were compiled

679
00:25:27,190 --> 00:25:24,799
and filtered and put together in a paper

680
00:25:29,990 --> 00:25:27,200
to president eisenhower

681
00:25:32,149 --> 00:25:30,000
and he said okay got to be a graduate of

682
00:25:34,470 --> 00:25:32,159
an accredited test pilot school so

683
00:25:37,669 --> 00:25:34,480
immediately this

684
00:25:39,990 --> 00:25:37,679
pool of billions and today

685
00:25:42,470 --> 00:25:40,000
nasa's looking for i think 12 people and

686
00:25:46,390 --> 00:25:42,480
so a year or so from now so far they

687
00:25:47,269 --> 00:25:46,400
have over 18 000 applicants today

688
00:25:48,870 --> 00:25:47,279
but

689
00:25:50,710 --> 00:25:48,880
if you say you got to be a graduate of

690
00:25:53,110 --> 00:25:50,720
an accredited testbot school that pool

691
00:25:55,750 --> 00:25:53,120
just shrinks and uh

692
00:25:57,830 --> 00:25:55,760
and so i was very fortunate to be one of

693
00:25:59,750 --> 00:25:57,840
few people considered

694
00:26:00,549 --> 00:25:59,760
i never make it today i guarantee you

695
00:26:02,470 --> 00:26:00,559
that

696
00:26:04,870 --> 00:26:02,480
how did you get interested in space how

697
00:26:07,110 --> 00:26:04,880
did i get interested in space um

698
00:26:08,070 --> 00:26:07,120
well actually i

699
00:26:10,390 --> 00:26:08,080
became

700
00:26:13,190 --> 00:26:10,400
inspired uh when i was five years old

701
00:26:15,669 --> 00:26:13,200
when i watched uh apollo 11 you know

702
00:26:18,230 --> 00:26:15,679
this guy and his two pals

703
00:26:21,110 --> 00:26:18,240
go to the moon and um

704
00:26:22,549 --> 00:26:21,120
it was uh i could just tell how excited

705
00:26:24,070 --> 00:26:22,559
everybody was around me and you don't

706
00:26:25,350 --> 00:26:24,080
choose your passions your passions

707
00:26:27,669 --> 00:26:25,360
choose you

708
00:26:30,549 --> 00:26:27,679
and ever since i'm five years old i've

709
00:26:32,950 --> 00:26:30,559
been thinking about rockets and

710
00:26:35,029 --> 00:26:32,960
rocket engines and spacecraft pretty

711
00:26:36,870 --> 00:26:35,039
much every day of my life

712
00:26:38,149 --> 00:26:36,880
everybody is a little boy or maybe a

713
00:26:39,669 --> 00:26:38,159
little girl as well they're interested

714
00:26:41,029 --> 00:26:39,679
in the space area but they don't

715
00:26:42,789 --> 00:26:41,039
actually go ahead and do the kind of

716
00:26:44,390 --> 00:26:42,799
things you did so what prompted you

717
00:26:46,310 --> 00:26:44,400
after you started amazon to start a

718
00:26:48,230 --> 00:26:46,320
whole separate company and how much of

719
00:26:50,870 --> 00:26:48,240
your time do you devote to it

720
00:26:53,830 --> 00:26:50,880
well i had i had been hoping to build a

721
00:26:56,149 --> 00:26:53,840
space company since i was a little kid

722
00:26:57,029 --> 00:26:56,159
and um and then you know

723
00:26:59,510 --> 00:26:57,039
kind of

724
00:27:01,190 --> 00:26:59,520
reality came into play and i realized it

725
00:27:03,830 --> 00:27:01,200
was going to be really expensive to

726
00:27:06,070 --> 00:27:03,840
start a space company and then i kind of

727
00:27:07,510 --> 00:27:06,080
moved on i fell in love with computers

728
00:27:13,269 --> 00:27:07,520
and

729
00:27:16,149 --> 00:27:13,279
hey wait i can do

730
00:27:19,190 --> 00:27:16,159
that original childhood dream now and so

731
00:27:21,669 --> 00:27:19,200
i started this company and um it employs

732
00:27:24,470 --> 00:27:21,679
now we're up to about 700 people

733
00:27:25,990 --> 00:27:24,480
and we're building a suborbital tourism

734
00:27:27,990 --> 00:27:26,000
vehicle which competes with virgin

735
00:27:29,750 --> 00:27:28,000
galactic and we're gonna

736
00:27:31,510 --> 00:27:29,760
our goal there is to make it possible

737
00:27:33,350 --> 00:27:31,520
ultimately for anybody who wants to go

738
00:27:34,710 --> 00:27:33,360
to space to be able to afford it we're

739
00:27:36,710 --> 00:27:34,720
just going to keep working at that goal

740
00:27:38,470 --> 00:27:36,720
patiently until we achieve it

741
00:27:41,269 --> 00:27:38,480
and uh and then we're also building an

742
00:27:42,789 --> 00:27:41,279
orbital vehicle and we'll we'll fly that

743
00:27:43,590 --> 00:27:42,799
at the end of this decade for the first

744
00:27:45,909 --> 00:27:43,600
time

745
00:27:46,630 --> 00:27:45,919
and so it is you know and

746
00:27:50,310 --> 00:27:46,640
my

747
00:27:53,029 --> 00:27:50,320
the cost of space it's all about

748
00:27:55,190 --> 00:27:53,039
reusability you just have to make your

749
00:27:57,029 --> 00:27:55,200
vehicles reusable you can't throw them

750
00:27:58,549 --> 00:27:57,039
in the bottom of the ocean every time

751
00:28:00,710 --> 00:27:58,559
after you use them if you ever want to

752
00:28:03,110 --> 00:28:00,720
dramatically reduce the cost so would

753
00:28:05,510 --> 00:28:03,120
you go on one of these space uh trips

754
00:28:07,750 --> 00:28:05,520
yourself yeah abs absolutely i i fully

755
00:28:10,389 --> 00:28:07,760
expect to go into space myself someday

756
00:28:12,149 --> 00:28:10,399
and um uh told your family that or your

757
00:28:14,630 --> 00:28:12,159
amazon they're sitting here in the front

758
00:28:18,230 --> 00:28:14,640
row so i'm telling them right now they

759
00:28:21,750 --> 00:28:20,710
no i will do it very safely you know i

760
00:28:24,630 --> 00:28:21,760
think that

761
00:28:26,789 --> 00:28:24,640
um you know space travel can be both

762
00:28:29,909 --> 00:28:26,799
much lower cost and

763
00:28:32,230 --> 00:28:29,919
much uh more reliable and safe and in

764
00:28:35,350 --> 00:28:32,240
fact i think reusability will add to

765
00:28:39,669 --> 00:28:35,360
reliability so you don't want you know

766
00:28:41,029 --> 00:28:39,679
i would much rather fly a new boeing 787

767
00:28:42,789 --> 00:28:41,039
after it's been flying a little while

768
00:28:44,870 --> 00:28:42,799
not like the very first flight out of

769
00:28:46,950 --> 00:28:44,880
the factory you know and so

770
00:28:49,510 --> 00:28:46,960
um the when you build these space

771
00:28:51,190 --> 00:28:49,520
vehicles you can't send them on on test

772
00:28:52,389 --> 00:28:51,200
runs uh the way we do them if they're

773
00:28:54,389 --> 00:28:52,399
expendable

774
00:28:56,789 --> 00:28:54,399
their very first mission is also their

775
00:28:59,510 --> 00:28:56,799
very last mission and that just really

776
00:29:01,909 --> 00:28:59,520
hobbles you um in terms of making things

777
00:29:03,350 --> 00:29:01,919
safe and reliable so michael let me ask

778
00:29:05,269 --> 00:29:03,360
you all right when you're selected to go

779
00:29:07,269 --> 00:29:05,279
on apollo 11.

780
00:29:09,190 --> 00:29:07,279
um was there any jockeying saying hey

781
00:29:10,470 --> 00:29:09,200
i'd like to be the first man on the moon

782
00:29:12,549 --> 00:29:10,480
i'd like to be the second man on the

783
00:29:15,990 --> 00:29:12,559
moon i'd like to run the command module

784
00:29:18,630 --> 00:29:16,000
how did they decide who would do what

785
00:29:20,549 --> 00:29:18,640
um you know there was some

786
00:29:22,389 --> 00:29:20,559
small fuss if i remember correctly

787
00:29:24,870 --> 00:29:22,399
before the flight and maybe a larger one

788
00:29:26,789 --> 00:29:24,880
after about who went first but it seemed

789
00:29:30,149 --> 00:29:26,799
to me that neil armstrong should have

790
00:29:31,990 --> 00:29:30,159
gone first he was a commander and

791
00:29:33,110 --> 00:29:32,000
that just seemed more appropriate to me

792
00:29:35,190 --> 00:29:33,120
in a more

793
00:29:35,990 --> 00:29:35,200
normal sequence of events

794
00:29:37,909 --> 00:29:36,000
uh

795
00:29:39,350 --> 00:29:37,919
and i'm glad he did i think you know

796
00:29:41,510 --> 00:29:39,360
neil was

797
00:29:43,750 --> 00:29:41,520
just an amazing

798
00:29:46,389 --> 00:29:43,760
fellow he uh

799
00:29:49,830 --> 00:29:46,399
at that time there were 30 of us

800
00:29:51,909 --> 00:29:49,840
in the astronaut office in houston and

801
00:29:54,389 --> 00:29:51,919
of the 30 there was kind of like one

802
00:29:56,310 --> 00:29:54,399
here and 29 there

803
00:29:58,630 --> 00:29:56,320
in terms of

804
00:30:00,389 --> 00:29:58,640
test piloting experience and that was

805
00:30:03,190 --> 00:30:00,399
what we considered the single most

806
00:30:05,830 --> 00:30:03,200
important yardstick if you will

807
00:30:09,350 --> 00:30:05,840
so neil was in a way because of his

808
00:30:13,190 --> 00:30:09,360
experience out at edwards as a as a test

809
00:30:15,590 --> 00:30:13,200
pilot for nasa and a ca and then nasa

810
00:30:18,789 --> 00:30:15,600
he was almost in a just a class by

811
00:30:21,029 --> 00:30:18,799
himself and also i thought personality

812
00:30:24,230 --> 00:30:21,039
wise people will argue with that they

813
00:30:26,389 --> 00:30:24,240
said well he was too reticent

814
00:30:29,190 --> 00:30:26,399
he didn't get out in front and sell the

815
00:30:30,230 --> 00:30:29,200
program but i think from a personality

816
00:30:32,710 --> 00:30:30,240
point

817
00:30:34,230 --> 00:30:32,720
he was a superb choice

818
00:30:36,549 --> 00:30:34,240
i wouldn't want a

819
00:30:39,029 --> 00:30:36,559
i can get it for you a wholesale pr man

820
00:30:41,510 --> 00:30:39,039
out there trying to sell

821
00:30:44,389 --> 00:30:41,520
i i think that had been dreadful and uh

822
00:30:45,909 --> 00:30:44,399
so i i think if you considered uh

823
00:30:49,110 --> 00:30:45,919
the positions

824
00:30:51,190 --> 00:30:49,120
and on the crew hierarchy and and and

825
00:30:53,990 --> 00:30:51,200
the worth of the man the personality the

826
00:30:56,950 --> 00:30:54,000
sort of person he was i i think was a

827
00:30:58,149 --> 00:30:56,960
wonderful choice so uh if on that flight

828
00:31:00,710 --> 00:30:58,159
uh you could say there are four

829
00:31:01,830 --> 00:31:00,720
complicated parts getting off the earth

830
00:31:04,789 --> 00:31:01,840
you know you don't know if it's going to

831
00:31:05,830 --> 00:31:04,799
work then getting into the moon's orbit

832
00:31:09,430 --> 00:31:05,840
you don't know if that's really going to

833
00:31:11,350 --> 00:31:09,440
work then having the um space the the

834
00:31:13,350 --> 00:31:11,360
lunar module go down and having the

835
00:31:14,389 --> 00:31:13,360
lunar module come back up and hook with

836
00:31:15,990 --> 00:31:14,399
you and then of course go back to the

837
00:31:17,350 --> 00:31:16,000
earth you could say five parts which do

838
00:31:18,630 --> 00:31:17,360
you think was the most dangerous or that

839
00:31:20,789 --> 00:31:18,640
made you the most nervous that would

840
00:31:23,269 --> 00:31:20,799
actually not not happen well you know

841
00:31:26,950 --> 00:31:23,279
going to the moon is a i always liken it

842
00:31:30,230 --> 00:31:26,960
to a daisy chain it's a long complex

843
00:31:32,389 --> 00:31:30,240
daisy chain a lot of lengths fragile you

844
00:31:34,710 --> 00:31:32,399
break one link uh

845
00:31:36,310 --> 00:31:34,720
the rest of them don't matter a lot

846
00:31:38,870 --> 00:31:36,320
um

847
00:31:42,070 --> 00:31:38,880
if you if you think of it that way the

848
00:31:44,710 --> 00:31:42,080
weakest and the worries to me was

849
00:31:46,870 --> 00:31:44,720
getting the limb off the lunar surface i

850
00:31:49,350 --> 00:31:46,880
thought we'd launch okay we'd get to the

851
00:31:51,830 --> 00:31:49,360
moon we could navigate you know someone

852
00:31:55,110 --> 00:31:51,840
asked neil wouldn't it wasn't the uh

853
00:31:57,509 --> 00:31:55,120
navigation terribly complicated and

854
00:31:59,190 --> 00:31:57,519
neil had a very nice little dry center

855
00:32:02,870 --> 00:31:59,200
and he said no he could see the thing

856
00:32:08,470 --> 00:32:06,389
but uh so those things

857
00:32:11,590 --> 00:32:08,480
those things i was i was not worried

858
00:32:13,909 --> 00:32:11,600
about but i was worried about

859
00:32:14,870 --> 00:32:13,919
the ascent and the rendezvous they had

860
00:32:17,110 --> 00:32:14,880
only

861
00:32:18,950 --> 00:32:17,120
we were big on redundancy we wanted two

862
00:32:21,430 --> 00:32:18,960
of everything but the design of the

863
00:32:23,750 --> 00:32:21,440
lunar module was such we just had one

864
00:32:25,029 --> 00:32:23,760
ascent engine one engine bell hanging

865
00:32:26,549 --> 00:32:25,039
out at the bottom

866
00:32:28,389 --> 00:32:26,559
that thing had to work or they were

867
00:32:29,669 --> 00:32:28,399
stuck there forever

868
00:32:32,470 --> 00:32:29,679
and

869
00:32:34,389 --> 00:32:32,480
then things got really complicated from

870
00:32:37,430 --> 00:32:34,399
my point of view

871
00:32:39,990 --> 00:32:37,440
if if they got off on time

872
00:32:43,669 --> 00:32:40,000
burn the engine for the right number of

873
00:32:46,149 --> 00:32:43,679
seconds and precisely the right azimuth

874
00:32:48,950 --> 00:32:46,159
then it was pretty simple but

875
00:32:50,710 --> 00:32:48,960
any variations in their trajectories

876
00:32:53,350 --> 00:32:50,720
gave me fits

877
00:32:56,549 --> 00:32:53,360
you know sometimes then my strategy

878
00:32:58,630 --> 00:32:56,559
would be to drop down into a lower orbit

879
00:33:00,710 --> 00:32:58,640
and try to catch them faster

880
00:33:03,509 --> 00:33:00,720
and if they got past a certain point

881
00:33:06,149 --> 00:33:03,519
then my strategy was to go higher and

882
00:33:08,789 --> 00:33:06,159
slower and let them make an extra turn

883
00:33:11,909 --> 00:33:08,799
around the moon and catch me i had a

884
00:33:14,230 --> 00:33:11,919
book around my neck a big fat eight by

885
00:33:15,110 --> 00:33:14,240
ten uh notebook kind of thing

886
00:33:17,350 --> 00:33:15,120
and then

887
00:33:19,669 --> 00:33:17,360
if i remember right i think it had 18

888
00:33:20,389 --> 00:33:19,679
variations on this theme

889
00:33:23,269 --> 00:33:20,399
so

890
00:33:25,190 --> 00:33:23,279
given the fact that they were

891
00:33:28,149 --> 00:33:25,200
lots could have gone wrong on the lunar

892
00:33:30,070 --> 00:33:28,159
surface uh that single engine might have

893
00:33:32,470 --> 00:33:30,080
had a hiccup uh

894
00:33:34,470 --> 00:33:32,480
uh i might have been able to rescue

895
00:33:35,509 --> 00:33:34,480
obviously i could not go down and land

896
00:33:37,430 --> 00:33:35,519
but

897
00:33:38,870 --> 00:33:37,440
short of that i obviously had a lot of

898
00:33:39,590 --> 00:33:38,880
ways of

899
00:33:41,350 --> 00:33:39,600
of

900
00:33:43,990 --> 00:33:41,360
rescuing them but i'm not sure i knew

901
00:33:46,230 --> 00:33:44,000
all 18 of them as well as i should have

902
00:33:49,269 --> 00:33:46,240
you you've uh you've written and you've

903
00:33:52,630 --> 00:33:49,279
uh said that the most maybe dangerous

904
00:33:54,389 --> 00:33:52,640
job and you had was the uh one of and

905
00:33:55,990 --> 00:33:54,399
perhaps having to come back by yourself

906
00:33:57,830 --> 00:33:56,000
in other words you were you were afraid

907
00:33:59,110 --> 00:33:57,840
that perhaps they didn't come back and

908
00:34:00,389 --> 00:33:59,120
they were stuck on the moon and you

909
00:34:02,230 --> 00:34:00,399
would have to go back by yourself and

910
00:34:03,990 --> 00:34:02,240
you lived in fear that people would

911
00:34:05,509 --> 00:34:04,000
blame you for some reason that that you

912
00:34:07,190 --> 00:34:05,519
hadn't brought them back can you talk

913
00:34:09,750 --> 00:34:07,200
about that you know we never discussed

914
00:34:11,909 --> 00:34:09,760
that uh but i mean it was i think clear

915
00:34:14,389 --> 00:34:11,919
to them and clear to me i was if they

916
00:34:16,869 --> 00:34:14,399
were stuck i was not going to commit

917
00:34:18,950 --> 00:34:16,879
suicide i was coming home but

918
00:34:20,550 --> 00:34:18,960
you know i have been a marked person for

919
00:34:22,629 --> 00:34:20,560
the rest of my life it'd have been just

920
00:34:23,990 --> 00:34:22,639
god awful so anyway i should have

921
00:34:26,550 --> 00:34:24,000
mentioned coming back to the earth is

922
00:34:28,230 --> 00:34:26,560
not exactly a a you know day in the park

923
00:34:29,829 --> 00:34:28,240
a walk in the park because can you

924
00:34:31,829 --> 00:34:29,839
describe how difficult it is to get back

925
00:34:33,990 --> 00:34:31,839
in the earth at the right uh

926
00:34:36,149 --> 00:34:34,000
rotation orbit

927
00:34:38,470 --> 00:34:36,159
it it went as bad as it sounds if you

928
00:34:40,790 --> 00:34:38,480
run the numbers the arithmetic says oh

929
00:34:42,869 --> 00:34:40,800
my god if you go a little too steep you

930
00:34:45,750 --> 00:34:42,879
burn up if you go a little too shallow

931
00:34:47,510 --> 00:34:45,760
you bounce out and we'll we'll see you

932
00:34:49,190 --> 00:34:47,520
six months after you've run out of

933
00:34:51,349 --> 00:34:49,200
oxygen

934
00:34:54,310 --> 00:34:51,359
so those uh those numbers are

935
00:34:56,470 --> 00:34:54,320
frightening however we had uh despite

936
00:34:57,670 --> 00:34:56,480
what jeff says about our extraordinarily

937
00:34:59,510 --> 00:34:57,680
primitive

938
00:35:02,470 --> 00:34:59,520
technology

939
00:35:05,109 --> 00:35:02,480
and it was uh pretty primitive we had a

940
00:35:07,190 --> 00:35:05,119
whole basement full of ibm 5060s or

941
00:35:07,910 --> 00:35:07,200
whatever they were and we had antennas

942
00:35:10,550 --> 00:35:07,920
and

943
00:35:16,790 --> 00:35:13,030
canberra that so

944
00:35:20,069 --> 00:35:16,800
if we got about a one hiccup off our

945
00:35:22,550 --> 00:35:20,079
trajectory on the way back we were told

946
00:35:24,470 --> 00:35:22,560
notified made a correction so all the

947
00:35:26,950 --> 00:35:24,480
way back from the moon fortunately we

948
00:35:28,550 --> 00:35:26,960
didn't have to make many corrections but

949
00:35:31,750 --> 00:35:28,560
we had the

950
00:35:34,069 --> 00:35:31,760
capacity to instead of flying a nice

951
00:35:36,069 --> 00:35:34,079
smooth arc that might have been too high

952
00:35:38,710 --> 00:35:36,079
or too low we were

953
00:35:41,190 --> 00:35:38,720
right exactly on that path when you came

954
00:35:42,550 --> 00:35:41,200
back there was a fear that you had moon

955
00:35:44,230 --> 00:35:42,560
germs with you

956
00:35:46,230 --> 00:35:44,240
and that you had to be quarantined for

957
00:35:48,230 --> 00:35:46,240
weeks what was that all about i mean

958
00:35:49,990 --> 00:35:48,240
i used to pray every night that the mice

959
00:35:51,510 --> 00:35:50,000
didn't die

960
00:35:53,990 --> 00:35:51,520
because

961
00:35:58,230 --> 00:35:55,829
you know we were locked up with i don't

962
00:35:59,829 --> 00:35:58,240
know dozens and dozens of mice and

963
00:36:02,310 --> 00:35:59,839
suppose they'd gotten

964
00:36:04,630 --> 00:36:02,320
able or something

965
00:36:06,230 --> 00:36:04,640
we'd still this day being quarantined

966
00:36:08,390 --> 00:36:06,240
down there so

967
00:36:09,510 --> 00:36:08,400
so when you came back here you've gone

968
00:36:10,870 --> 00:36:09,520
all the way up to the moon you're

969
00:36:12,710 --> 00:36:10,880
circling the moon you've come all the

970
00:36:14,790 --> 00:36:12,720
way back and then you land in the water

971
00:36:15,990 --> 00:36:14,800
and then you take dramamine pills i mean

972
00:36:17,349 --> 00:36:16,000
after having done all that why did you

973
00:36:18,550 --> 00:36:17,359
worry about dramamine

974
00:36:20,470 --> 00:36:18,560
i don't i don't think so i didn't take

975
00:36:21,510 --> 00:36:20,480
any dry i mean i don't think

976
00:36:23,349 --> 00:36:21,520
when they

977
00:36:24,950 --> 00:36:23,359
when on the shuttle when it would landed

978
00:36:26,550 --> 00:36:24,960
on the uh the space capsule landed in

979
00:36:30,470 --> 00:36:26,560
the water i thought you were supposed to

980
00:36:33,109 --> 00:36:30,480
take dramamine because it tilted so much

981
00:36:34,150 --> 00:36:33,119
well i lost a case of beers

982
00:36:35,829 --> 00:36:34,160
but

983
00:36:38,230 --> 00:36:35,839
in the landing uh

984
00:36:41,349 --> 00:36:38,240
it was that uh

985
00:36:43,829 --> 00:36:41,359
i i flew it i flew we switched sweets uh

986
00:36:45,750 --> 00:36:43,839
i switched seats with buzz he sat where

987
00:36:48,630 --> 00:36:45,760
i normally did and he had

988
00:36:49,990 --> 00:36:48,640
i was a navigator coming back and uh he

989
00:36:51,349 --> 00:36:50,000
was the guy who was in charge of the

990
00:36:52,870 --> 00:36:51,359
parachutes

991
00:36:54,230 --> 00:36:52,880
which you know

992
00:36:56,310 --> 00:36:54,240
might have been my domain but it wasn't

993
00:36:59,750 --> 00:36:56,320
at that time in the flight and the thing

994
00:37:01,510 --> 00:36:59,760
was as soon as you hit

995
00:37:03,589 --> 00:37:01,520
he was supposed to

996
00:37:06,310 --> 00:37:03,599
push in two circuit breakers hit these

997
00:37:07,510 --> 00:37:06,320
two switches and the parachutes were

998
00:37:09,829 --> 00:37:07,520
jettisoned

999
00:37:11,750 --> 00:37:09,839
and if he didn't do that swiftly

1000
00:37:12,790 --> 00:37:11,760
um

1001
00:37:15,750 --> 00:37:12,800
we'd

1002
00:37:18,230 --> 00:37:15,760
be caught by the wind and flipped over

1003
00:37:20,150 --> 00:37:18,240
and then we'd be upside down for god a

1004
00:37:21,589 --> 00:37:20,160
couple of hours while he had to pump up

1005
00:37:23,589 --> 00:37:21,599
pumps and

1006
00:37:25,190 --> 00:37:23,599
anyway i had a case of beer bed on

1007
00:37:27,670 --> 00:37:25,200
whether we were we're not going to go

1008
00:37:30,230 --> 00:37:27,680
over and he messed it up and we went

1009
00:37:31,190 --> 00:37:30,240
over and i had to owe him a case of beer

1010
00:37:33,510 --> 00:37:31,200
and it was

1011
00:37:36,230 --> 00:37:33,520
and we got sick we're not physically

1012
00:37:39,030 --> 00:37:36,240
sick but we had to upside down for a

1013
00:37:41,030 --> 00:37:39,040
while and it was a mess but uh it worked

1014
00:37:42,790 --> 00:37:41,040
so jeff um suppose somebody in the

1015
00:37:45,589 --> 00:37:42,800
audience here somebody watching wants to

1016
00:37:47,270 --> 00:37:45,599
go to the student space um where do they

1017
00:37:49,109 --> 00:37:47,280
sign up how much does it cost and when

1018
00:37:52,470 --> 00:37:49,119
will they be able to do it

1019
00:37:54,069 --> 00:37:52,480
well for the suborbital uh mission uh we

1020
00:37:55,270 --> 00:37:54,079
don't we don't know yet exactly what

1021
00:37:57,510 --> 00:37:55,280
we're going to charge it's going to be

1022
00:37:59,750 --> 00:37:57,520
in the same virgin galactic is charging

1023
00:38:01,670 --> 00:37:59,760
i don't know somewhere between 250 000

1024
00:38:03,829 --> 00:38:01,680
and 300 thousand dollars per ticket

1025
00:38:05,270 --> 00:38:03,839
we're going to be in the same range to

1026
00:38:07,030 --> 00:38:05,280
start with

1027
00:38:08,310 --> 00:38:07,040
and then keep working over time to make

1028
00:38:09,670 --> 00:38:08,320
it cheaper and when do you think that

1029
00:38:13,270 --> 00:38:09,680
will be available

1030
00:38:17,109 --> 00:38:13,280
2018. so we'll fly our first test

1031
00:38:18,550 --> 00:38:17,119
astronauts in 20 late 2017 hopefully if

1032
00:38:19,990 --> 00:38:18,560
the if the test

1033
00:38:21,910 --> 00:38:20,000
program continues to go we're flying

1034
00:38:23,750 --> 00:38:21,920
again this friday

1035
00:38:25,510 --> 00:38:23,760
and are webcasting that so you can watch

1036
00:38:27,109 --> 00:38:25,520
that and but if the test program

1037
00:38:30,310 --> 00:38:27,119
continues to go well

1038
00:38:32,230 --> 00:38:30,320
um we should be ready to put people on

1039
00:38:34,310 --> 00:38:32,240
board in late 2017 than paying

1040
00:38:36,230 --> 00:38:34,320
astronauts in 2018.

1041
00:38:37,750 --> 00:38:36,240
and uh how can somebody sign up now or

1042
00:38:40,790 --> 00:38:37,760
you're not taking names now we're not

1043
00:38:43,190 --> 00:38:40,800
taking deposits or anything yet

1044
00:38:45,109 --> 00:38:43,200
um in case of uh people who do want to

1045
00:38:47,670 --> 00:38:45,119
go should they be physically fit or can

1046
00:38:49,829 --> 00:38:47,680
they be out of shape now it doesn't it

1047
00:38:51,589 --> 00:38:49,839
it's it's uh you don't need to be

1048
00:38:54,390 --> 00:38:51,599
especially physically fit there may be a

1049
00:38:56,310 --> 00:38:54,400
few uh criteria but it probably i would

1050
00:38:58,390 --> 00:38:56,320
think of it as you will that'll come

1051
00:39:00,230 --> 00:38:58,400
later we'll have more details on what

1052
00:39:02,069 --> 00:39:00,240
you really need but it's probably like

1053
00:39:04,069 --> 00:39:02,079
if you can ride a roller coaster you can

1054
00:39:06,390 --> 00:39:04,079
probably do this it's not a it's not

1055
00:39:08,870 --> 00:39:06,400
something that requires a special

1056
00:39:13,510 --> 00:39:08,880
physical fitness and will you be able to

1057
00:39:17,349 --> 00:39:14,550
yeah but you won't be able to get it

1058
00:39:19,349 --> 00:39:17,359
delivered up there yeah um but we have

1059
00:39:21,910 --> 00:39:19,359
you know it'll be uh you'll be in it's

1060
00:39:23,349 --> 00:39:21,920
what alan shepard did in the early days

1061
00:39:24,710 --> 00:39:23,359
that's what sub-rural space is so

1062
00:39:26,950 --> 00:39:24,720
instead of going around the earth that's

1063
00:39:29,750 --> 00:39:26,960
orbital you go up and you come back down

1064
00:39:32,470 --> 00:39:29,760
so you're in zero gravity for

1065
00:39:34,390 --> 00:39:32,480
approximately four minutes uh we have

1066
00:39:35,750 --> 00:39:34,400
the largest windows that will have ever

1067
00:39:38,150 --> 00:39:35,760
been in space

1068
00:39:39,990 --> 00:39:38,160
it's gonna people who have been to space

1069
00:39:41,589 --> 00:39:40,000
we could ask mike but i've heard it from

1070
00:39:44,069 --> 00:39:41,599
many many people

1071
00:39:46,390 --> 00:39:44,079
that it does change you it changes the

1072
00:39:47,990 --> 00:39:46,400
way you think about the earth and

1073
00:39:49,589 --> 00:39:48,000
humanity and you get to see that thin

1074
00:39:51,910 --> 00:39:49,599
limb of the earth's atmosphere and the

1075
00:39:53,430 --> 00:39:51,920
big blackness of space and

1076
00:39:55,190 --> 00:39:53,440
so i think people are going to be very

1077
00:39:57,910 --> 00:39:55,200
excited about it michael you've written

1078
00:39:59,430 --> 00:39:57,920
in your book that you wish all

1079
00:40:01,109 --> 00:39:59,440
government leaders could go to outer

1080
00:40:02,790 --> 00:40:01,119
space because when you go to outer space

1081
00:40:04,710 --> 00:40:02,800
you can see the earth as without

1082
00:40:06,470 --> 00:40:04,720
boundaries and borders and you kind of

1083
00:40:08,550 --> 00:40:06,480
realize the fragility is the word you

1084
00:40:10,470 --> 00:40:08,560
used how fragile earth is can you

1085
00:40:11,910 --> 00:40:10,480
comment on that and why you saw the

1086
00:40:13,589 --> 00:40:11,920
earth is so fragile when you were up

1087
00:40:15,910 --> 00:40:13,599
there

1088
00:40:18,309 --> 00:40:15,920
you know the idea of fragility never

1089
00:40:21,030 --> 00:40:18,319
occurred to me before the flight and

1090
00:40:23,030 --> 00:40:21,040
it was kind of a surprise

1091
00:40:24,870 --> 00:40:23,040
speaking of windows i would say in the

1092
00:40:27,349 --> 00:40:24,880
command module there were there were

1093
00:40:28,309 --> 00:40:27,359
five windows so you want to look at the

1094
00:40:30,069 --> 00:40:28,319
earth

1095
00:40:31,910 --> 00:40:30,079
little things see where you came from

1096
00:40:34,470 --> 00:40:31,920
and all of that oh you look out of

1097
00:40:36,230 --> 00:40:34,480
window number one nothing black window

1098
00:40:37,910 --> 00:40:36,240
number two three four five look through

1099
00:40:40,150 --> 00:40:37,920
all five windows you can't it's not

1100
00:40:42,630 --> 00:40:40,160
there so that's that's a very

1101
00:40:45,190 --> 00:40:42,640
interesting starting point right there

1102
00:40:47,030 --> 00:40:45,200
if you stop and think about it

1103
00:40:49,109 --> 00:40:47,040
you spent all your life in this little

1104
00:40:52,309 --> 00:40:49,119
globe you're up away from it you want to

1105
00:40:54,870 --> 00:40:52,319
know about it see it get back to it it's

1106
00:40:57,030 --> 00:40:54,880
gone and in there so but anyway

1107
00:40:59,750 --> 00:40:57,040
obviously you know that sooner or later

1108
00:41:02,309 --> 00:40:59,760
if you twist the spacecraft and roll and

1109
00:41:05,910 --> 00:41:02,319
pitch and y'all around in a certain way

1110
00:41:07,670 --> 00:41:05,920
it'll hold into view and uh and when it

1111
00:41:10,150 --> 00:41:07,680
does it's uh

1112
00:41:13,030 --> 00:41:10,160
very small about about

1113
00:41:15,109 --> 00:41:13,040
got a normal um thumbnail

1114
00:41:17,430 --> 00:41:15,119
hold it up let me see if it's

1115
00:41:20,470 --> 00:41:17,440
yeah okay hold on in front of you

1116
00:41:22,150 --> 00:41:20,480
okay that's that's what you see that's

1117
00:41:23,430 --> 00:41:22,160
what it looks like from the moon it's

1118
00:41:25,270 --> 00:41:23,440
like a

1119
00:41:27,910 --> 00:41:25,280
normal thumbnail out in front of you

1120
00:41:29,109 --> 00:41:27,920
about that big that's pretty small

1121
00:41:30,790 --> 00:41:29,119
and um

1122
00:41:32,550 --> 00:41:30,800
of course we're mostly

1123
00:41:35,349 --> 00:41:32,560
mostly ocean

1124
00:41:37,349 --> 00:41:35,359
so uh you mostly see blue

1125
00:41:39,270 --> 00:41:37,359
see depending on the weather conditions

1126
00:41:41,109 --> 00:41:39,280
but you see quite a few clouds you don't

1127
00:41:43,670 --> 00:41:41,119
see land so much

1128
00:41:44,790 --> 00:41:43,680
it's very shiny the albedo you know the

1129
00:41:46,230 --> 00:41:44,800
amount of

1130
00:41:48,630 --> 00:41:46,240
sunlight that the

1131
00:41:50,870 --> 00:41:48,640
that the moon uh i mean excuse me if the

1132
00:41:52,390 --> 00:41:50,880
earth reflects as far exceeds that of

1133
00:41:54,710 --> 00:41:52,400
the moon

1134
00:41:59,109 --> 00:41:56,870
somehow this little tiny

1135
00:42:00,950 --> 00:41:59,119
blue and white sphere looks lovely and

1136
00:42:04,150 --> 00:42:00,960
clean which it's

1137
00:42:06,230 --> 00:42:04,160
which it's not it looks uh

1138
00:42:07,990 --> 00:42:06,240
fragile which it is

1139
00:42:10,630 --> 00:42:08,000
uh i don't know why it looks fragile

1140
00:42:13,349 --> 00:42:10,640
it's just that was just my reaction god

1141
00:42:16,150 --> 00:42:13,359
it's a beautiful little thing i'll

1142
00:42:17,829 --> 00:42:16,160
be back in a couple of days i hope and

1143
00:42:20,069 --> 00:42:17,839
well but in the meantime it just looks

1144
00:42:22,630 --> 00:42:20,079
so beautiful and fragile fragile

1145
00:42:25,109 --> 00:42:22,640
fragility so let me ask you this you and

1146
00:42:26,390 --> 00:42:25,119
two other men went to the moon and came

1147
00:42:28,870 --> 00:42:26,400
back safely

1148
00:42:31,190 --> 00:42:28,880
um that's incredible bonding experience

1149
00:42:33,270 --> 00:42:31,200
but it didn't seem as if going up you

1150
00:42:34,630 --> 00:42:33,280
were uh though close to each other you

1151
00:42:36,710 --> 00:42:34,640
weren't particularly close friends and

1152
00:42:37,910 --> 00:42:36,720
afterwards you didn't become even closer

1153
00:42:39,589 --> 00:42:37,920
friends what was the nature of the

1154
00:42:41,910 --> 00:42:39,599
relationship between the three of you i

1155
00:42:44,309 --> 00:42:41,920
love them both uh our crew was a little

1156
00:42:47,430 --> 00:42:44,319
i i think the one of the books i wrote

1157
00:42:49,910 --> 00:42:47,440
uh uh i described the crew as amiable

1158
00:42:52,550 --> 00:42:49,920
strangers which in a way we were i

1159
00:42:54,950 --> 00:42:52,560
didn't mean that in a bad way but uh

1160
00:42:57,109 --> 00:42:54,960
unlike most crews most crews were formed

1161
00:42:59,190 --> 00:42:57,119
first they were a backup crew

1162
00:43:01,349 --> 00:42:59,200
nowadays for a couple of years and then

1163
00:43:02,309 --> 00:43:01,359
they worked together as a team and

1164
00:43:04,710 --> 00:43:02,319
became

1165
00:43:06,710 --> 00:43:04,720
primary crew due to a whole set of

1166
00:43:08,870 --> 00:43:06,720
circumstances

1167
00:43:11,270 --> 00:43:08,880
we didn't have that bonding experience

1168
00:43:12,790 --> 00:43:11,280
we all came together about six months

1169
00:43:14,950 --> 00:43:12,800
before the flight

1170
00:43:17,670 --> 00:43:14,960
and then the other uh

1171
00:43:20,950 --> 00:43:17,680
thing that was a little different is

1172
00:43:23,270 --> 00:43:20,960
is where the spacecraft are manufactured

1173
00:43:25,670 --> 00:43:23,280
and where you test them

1174
00:43:27,589 --> 00:43:25,680
neil and buzz would be off in beth page

1175
00:43:29,670 --> 00:43:27,599
long island worrying about grumman

1176
00:43:31,990 --> 00:43:29,680
putting the lamb together i'd be in

1177
00:43:35,670 --> 00:43:32,000
downey california worrying about the

1178
00:43:37,510 --> 00:43:35,680
command module when we got together

1179
00:43:40,150 --> 00:43:37,520
no we weren't together they were too off

1180
00:43:43,589 --> 00:43:40,160
in the lamb simulator i'm in the command

1181
00:43:45,109 --> 00:43:43,599
module simulator so just

1182
00:43:47,190 --> 00:43:45,119
what i would almost call freakish

1183
00:43:49,270 --> 00:43:47,200
circumstances kept us from being as

1184
00:43:51,750 --> 00:43:49,280
close as some of the crews you've now

1185
00:43:54,790 --> 00:43:51,760
been back on earth for quite a while

1186
00:43:56,470 --> 00:43:54,800
back in 69 you had a chance though if

1187
00:43:58,630 --> 00:43:56,480
you'd stayed in the program to go back

1188
00:44:00,550 --> 00:43:58,640
and maybe be a person who went on the

1189
00:44:02,230 --> 00:44:00,560
moon physically why did you choose not

1190
00:44:03,430 --> 00:44:02,240
to do that and to retire from the space

1191
00:44:07,030 --> 00:44:03,440
program

1192
00:44:09,430 --> 00:44:07,040
well it was more a personal thing

1193
00:44:12,069 --> 00:44:09,440
my wife was from boston i don't think

1194
00:44:13,349 --> 00:44:12,079
houston was exactly her first choice of

1195
00:44:14,470 --> 00:44:13,359
habitat

1196
00:44:16,950 --> 00:44:14,480
uh

1197
00:44:19,990 --> 00:44:16,960
and and i would perfectly happy to

1198
00:44:23,030 --> 00:44:20,000
be spending more time at home and left

1199
00:44:25,510 --> 00:44:23,040
less in motel 6 off an east overshoe

1200
00:44:27,030 --> 00:44:25,520
somewhere

1201
00:44:31,430 --> 00:44:27,040
and

1202
00:44:34,230 --> 00:44:31,440
but i'd have to say underlying that

1203
00:44:36,710 --> 00:44:34,240
i i guess i had the wrong attitude

1204
00:44:39,589 --> 00:44:36,720
in the sense that i thought

1205
00:44:42,230 --> 00:44:39,599
apollo 11 was kind of the apex of the

1206
00:44:44,630 --> 00:44:42,240
program to do what john kennedy said to

1207
00:44:46,870 --> 00:44:44,640
land amen on the moon by the end of the

1208
00:44:49,990 --> 00:44:46,880
decade and i'd help

1209
00:44:52,069 --> 00:44:50,000
to do that and rather put up with uh

1210
00:44:53,910 --> 00:44:52,079
what i thought be another perhaps three

1211
00:44:56,630 --> 00:44:53,920
years of uh

1212
00:44:58,870 --> 00:44:56,640
of simulators and motels and this that

1213
00:45:01,589 --> 00:44:58,880
and the other i i just felt it for me it

1214
00:45:02,870 --> 00:45:01,599
was time to bail out okay and um the

1215
00:45:04,870 --> 00:45:02,880
most frequent question you've been asked

1216
00:45:06,390 --> 00:45:04,880
since you've been back since 1969 is it

1217
00:45:08,790 --> 00:45:06,400
what is it like to go to the bathroom in

1218
00:45:10,950 --> 00:45:08,800
space uh do you really like the food

1219
00:45:13,430 --> 00:45:10,960
that you get in space or do you really

1220
00:45:14,630 --> 00:45:13,440
drink tang um any of those questions

1221
00:45:16,710 --> 00:45:14,640
what was the most frequent question

1222
00:45:19,349 --> 00:45:16,720
you've been asked okay the the

1223
00:45:21,430 --> 00:45:19,359
the going to the bathroom is i so help

1224
00:45:23,349 --> 00:45:21,440
me across my heart never been asked if i

1225
00:45:24,630 --> 00:45:23,359
were asked i'd say the answer is

1226
00:45:25,990 --> 00:45:24,640
carefully

1227
00:45:29,349 --> 00:45:26,000
uh

1228
00:45:30,790 --> 00:45:29,359
what was the segment tang

1229
00:45:33,109 --> 00:45:30,800
what about the food asking about the

1230
00:45:34,950 --> 00:45:33,119
food well i used to give i used to rate

1231
00:45:36,550 --> 00:45:34,960
the food and

1232
00:45:38,309 --> 00:45:36,560
i don't think the food preparation

1233
00:45:41,190 --> 00:45:38,319
people in houston were too happy but i'd

1234
00:45:43,589 --> 00:45:41,200
give it spoons you know i think the

1235
00:45:46,230 --> 00:45:43,599
you know the cream of chicken soup is

1236
00:45:48,950 --> 00:45:46,240
gets two spoons is all out of five and

1237
00:45:51,910 --> 00:45:48,960
so the food was decent you know for very

1238
00:45:53,510 --> 00:45:51,920
days who cares i uh you know uh

1239
00:45:56,470 --> 00:45:53,520
now you want to

1240
00:45:58,230 --> 00:45:56,480
stay up on the space station for a year

1241
00:46:00,710 --> 00:45:58,240
like these scott

1242
00:46:03,270 --> 00:46:00,720
scott guy is doing with his twin brother

1243
00:46:05,270 --> 00:46:03,280
is a control down here but

1244
00:46:07,190 --> 00:46:05,280
then things like food and the amenities

1245
00:46:09,109 --> 00:46:07,200
and crew compatibility you know crew

1246
00:46:11,670 --> 00:46:09,119
compatibility is something that the

1247
00:46:14,390 --> 00:46:11,680
psychiatrist always uh

1248
00:46:17,190 --> 00:46:14,400
emphasized and i can recall uh

1249
00:46:20,069 --> 00:46:17,200
sitting next to john young at a gemini

1250
00:46:23,349 --> 00:46:20,079
uh pre-flight uh press conference and

1251
00:46:25,910 --> 00:46:23,359
someone brought up how did i feel about

1252
00:46:27,349 --> 00:46:25,920
crew compatibility and on this what was

1253
00:46:29,430 --> 00:46:27,359
facing us

1254
00:46:34,150 --> 00:46:29,440
you know i said come on for

1255
00:46:35,910 --> 00:46:34,160
four days i'd fly with a baboon and uh

1256
00:46:37,910 --> 00:46:35,920
and you know john's sitting right there

1257
00:46:40,390 --> 00:46:37,920
he didn't get mad he knew exactly where

1258
00:46:42,710 --> 00:46:40,400
i was coming from he laughed

1259
00:46:45,670 --> 00:46:42,720
but that's true you know for a short

1260
00:46:48,550 --> 00:46:45,680
period of time now the thing is

1261
00:46:52,990 --> 00:46:48,560
you talk about mars then whoo i'm dead

1262
00:46:55,750 --> 00:46:53,000
wrong and then you have all kinds of

1263
00:46:57,910 --> 00:46:55,760
compatibility and physiological and

1264
00:46:59,750 --> 00:46:57,920
other medical problems i'm i'm i'm

1265
00:47:01,270 --> 00:46:59,760
rambling on i'm sorry what did

1266
00:47:03,109 --> 00:47:01,280
astronauts really drink tang that used

1267
00:47:05,349 --> 00:47:03,119
to be an advertisement during the

1268
00:47:06,630 --> 00:47:05,359
time really we had some kind of orange

1269
00:47:09,510 --> 00:47:06,640
stuff i don't know

1270
00:47:11,109 --> 00:47:09,520
who or what it was jeff um you're trying

1271
00:47:13,589 --> 00:47:11,119
to get some people to go into space but

1272
00:47:15,510 --> 00:47:13,599
you also have a program to build uh

1273
00:47:17,510 --> 00:47:15,520
rockets that can be relaunched for

1274
00:47:19,030 --> 00:47:17,520
further exploration in space will the

1275
00:47:21,589 --> 00:47:19,040
government the united states ultimately

1276
00:47:24,230 --> 00:47:21,599
use those for its um expiration or who

1277
00:47:26,150 --> 00:47:24,240
would use those rockets yeah the idea is

1278
00:47:28,390 --> 00:47:26,160
to build the infrastructure and once you

1279
00:47:29,990 --> 00:47:28,400
build the infrastructure to get to uh

1280
00:47:31,190 --> 00:47:30,000
earth orbit it can be used for just

1281
00:47:32,390 --> 00:47:31,200
about anything you could use it for

1282
00:47:33,829 --> 00:47:32,400
satellites

1283
00:47:36,069 --> 00:47:33,839
you can use it for

1284
00:47:38,470 --> 00:47:36,079
human rated missions so that's the goal

1285
00:47:41,270 --> 00:47:38,480
the goal is to build

1286
00:47:43,670 --> 00:47:41,280
we want to build a orbital vehicle where

1287
00:47:45,349 --> 00:47:43,680
the price of the propellant the fuel

1288
00:47:47,750 --> 00:47:45,359
actually matters where you start to

1289
00:47:49,829 --> 00:47:47,760
actually think about the cost of fuel no

1290
00:47:51,829 --> 00:47:49,839
rocket has ever been built

1291
00:47:53,349 --> 00:47:51,839
so far in the history of rockets where

1292
00:47:55,670 --> 00:47:53,359
anybody has ever cared about the cost of

1293
00:47:57,910 --> 00:47:55,680
the fuel because the fuel cost is so

1294
00:48:00,390 --> 00:47:57,920
dominated by throwing the hardware away

1295
00:48:01,750 --> 00:48:00,400
so it's about it's about reusability and

1296
00:48:04,150 --> 00:48:01,760
then reusability will lower the cost

1297
00:48:06,790 --> 00:48:04,160
enough to where we can practice so space

1298
00:48:09,430 --> 00:48:06,800
has been in stasis for 50 years we

1299
00:48:11,430 --> 00:48:09,440
launched about maybe 80 missions a year

1300
00:48:13,349 --> 00:48:11,440
globally all over the world

1301
00:48:15,030 --> 00:48:13,359
and that's not even a peak it's come

1302
00:48:18,230 --> 00:48:15,040
down a little bit from the peak maybe in

1303
00:48:19,910 --> 00:48:18,240
the 80s and so we've gotten better at it

1304
00:48:21,030 --> 00:48:19,920
as a society but not appreciably better

1305
00:48:22,470 --> 00:48:21,040
and that's because we don't practice

1306
00:48:24,549 --> 00:48:22,480
enough you know we get good we humans

1307
00:48:27,109 --> 00:48:24,559
get good at everything we practice a lot

1308
00:48:29,270 --> 00:48:27,119
so we need to be fine every day

1309
00:48:31,190 --> 00:48:29,280
and when we're flying every day

1310
00:48:34,470 --> 00:48:31,200
um we'll get better do you support the

1311
00:48:36,790 --> 00:48:34,480
idea of sending men and women to mars or

1312
00:48:38,069 --> 00:48:36,800
why not just send robots and pick up

1313
00:48:40,390 --> 00:48:38,079
whatever's there do you think it should

1314
00:48:43,190 --> 00:48:40,400
be human you can justify

1315
00:48:45,589 --> 00:48:43,200
sending men to mars for

1316
00:48:47,990 --> 00:48:45,599
science reasons i think we have reached

1317
00:48:50,470 --> 00:48:48,000
a state where robots can do that task

1318
00:48:52,069 --> 00:48:50,480
probably better than people can and the

1319
00:48:54,150 --> 00:48:52,079
reason you send people to mars is

1320
00:48:55,190 --> 00:48:54,160
because it's so damn cool

1321
00:49:00,950 --> 00:48:55,200
it's a

1322
00:49:03,190 --> 00:49:00,960
and uh and we should do that now but it

1323
00:49:05,589 --> 00:49:03,200
does you know it does have to be done at

1324
00:49:07,670 --> 00:49:05,599
a certain cost and and we have you know

1325
00:49:09,109 --> 00:49:07,680
we have a lot of other priorities for me

1326
00:49:11,190 --> 00:49:09,119
the big thing

1327
00:49:13,109 --> 00:49:11,200
i'm excited that i hope somebody goes to

1328
00:49:14,710 --> 00:49:13,119
mars because i want to watch it i think

1329
00:49:16,390 --> 00:49:14,720
it would be glorious

1330
00:49:18,710 --> 00:49:16,400
but for me that's not that's not the

1331
00:49:20,470 --> 00:49:18,720
motivator for me for me

1332
00:49:23,109 --> 00:49:20,480
the motivator is

1333
00:49:25,430 --> 00:49:23,119
i want us to have millions of people

1334
00:49:27,670 --> 00:49:25,440
living and working in space we have a

1335
00:49:29,030 --> 00:49:27,680
planet that is fragile and i don't think

1336
00:49:31,829 --> 00:49:29,040
we go

1337
00:49:34,630 --> 00:49:31,839
into space as a kind of plan b i hate

1338
00:49:37,670 --> 00:49:34,640
that idea that we need a backup for

1339
00:49:41,190 --> 00:49:37,680
earth is not motivating for me

1340
00:49:44,390 --> 00:49:41,200
for me plan b is make sure plan a works

1341
00:49:47,030 --> 00:49:44,400
we know a lot about this solar system

1342
00:49:48,309 --> 00:49:47,040
and i can assure you earth is the best

1343
00:49:50,150 --> 00:49:48,319
planet

1344
00:49:52,870 --> 00:49:50,160
we have looked at them all

1345
00:49:54,790 --> 00:49:52,880
and earth is the best one and and we

1346
00:49:56,870 --> 00:49:54,800
have to protect it and we can use space

1347
00:49:58,549 --> 00:49:56,880
to protect earth if you take

1348
00:50:01,190 --> 00:49:58,559
baseline

1349
00:50:03,589 --> 00:50:01,200
energy usage on earth and grow it

1350
00:50:05,910 --> 00:50:03,599
compound it at just three percent a year

1351
00:50:07,589 --> 00:50:05,920
such as the power of compounding that

1352
00:50:09,990 --> 00:50:07,599
just in a few hundred years you'll have

1353
00:50:10,630 --> 00:50:10,000
to cover the entire surface of the earth

1354
00:50:13,910 --> 00:50:10,640
and

1355
00:50:16,309 --> 00:50:13,920
solar cells to power the planet so this

1356
00:50:17,670 --> 00:50:16,319
this is we need to um

1357
00:50:19,829 --> 00:50:17,680
move ultimately over the next few

1358
00:50:22,230 --> 00:50:19,839
hundred years we need to build a real

1359
00:50:23,670 --> 00:50:22,240
space-faring civilization i think what's

1360
00:50:26,950 --> 00:50:23,680
going to happen is that we're going to

1361
00:50:29,430 --> 00:50:26,960
move all heavy industry off earth and

1362
00:50:30,549 --> 00:50:29,440
will zone earth residential and light

1363
00:50:31,510 --> 00:50:30,559
industrial

1364
00:50:34,470 --> 00:50:31,520
and

1365
00:50:36,950 --> 00:50:34,480
we'll protect this glorious jewel of a

1366
00:50:37,990 --> 00:50:36,960
planet because it is unique in our solar

1367
00:50:39,829 --> 00:50:38,000
system

1368
00:50:42,390 --> 00:50:39,839
and we're unlikely to get to new solar

1369
00:50:44,230 --> 00:50:42,400
systems anytime soon so for both of you

1370
00:50:45,510 --> 00:50:44,240
um when you go to outer space you look

1371
00:50:46,790 --> 00:50:45,520
at the earth it's very fragile there's

1372
00:50:48,309 --> 00:50:46,800
no boundaries do you think it really

1373
00:50:49,829 --> 00:50:48,319
makes a difference whether the united

1374
00:50:51,349 --> 00:50:49,839
states is taking the lead on this or

1375
00:50:53,589 --> 00:50:51,359
that china is doing there why not do it

1376
00:50:55,510 --> 00:50:53,599
together why not have those are yeah

1377
00:50:57,030 --> 00:50:55,520
sure for big exploration missions i

1378
00:50:59,030 --> 00:50:57,040
think you would do it together if you

1379
00:51:02,470 --> 00:50:59,040
were gonna you know do that glorious

1380
00:51:04,870 --> 00:51:02,480
journey to mars and uh and and and put

1381
00:51:06,630 --> 00:51:04,880
uh boots on mars or settle mars or any

1382
00:51:08,069 --> 00:51:06,640
of the things like that i think you

1383
00:51:10,790 --> 00:51:08,079
would want to do that in a kind of

1384
00:51:11,829 --> 00:51:10,800
consortium with many nations if it's a

1385
00:51:15,589 --> 00:51:11,839
kind of a separate if you're if you're

1386
00:51:16,390 --> 00:51:15,599
talking about space as a capability um

1387
00:51:18,150 --> 00:51:16,400
it's

1388
00:51:20,230 --> 00:51:18,160
it would be almost impossible to

1389
00:51:22,150 --> 00:51:20,240
overstate the importance of space to

1390
00:51:24,470 --> 00:51:22,160
united states national security we're

1391
00:51:27,589 --> 00:51:24,480
incredibly dependent our military is

1392
00:51:29,750 --> 00:51:27,599
totally dependent on space assets

1393
00:51:31,750 --> 00:51:29,760
all of our guided munitions are gps

1394
00:51:33,829 --> 00:51:31,760
guided those satellites are actually

1395
00:51:35,430 --> 00:51:33,839
very fragile

1396
00:51:37,349 --> 00:51:35,440
the national reconnaissance office

1397
00:51:38,630 --> 00:51:37,359
satellites are super important also

1398
00:51:39,349 --> 00:51:38,640
quite fragile

1399
00:51:41,270 --> 00:51:39,359
so

1400
00:51:43,190 --> 00:51:41,280
and it's very asymmetric because we're

1401
00:51:45,190 --> 00:51:43,200
more dependent on those high-tech assets

1402
00:51:46,950 --> 00:51:45,200
than any other country is that they give

1403
00:51:49,829 --> 00:51:46,960
us great capabilities but they're also a

1404
00:51:51,750 --> 00:51:49,839
vulnerability so if you think of space

1405
00:51:53,349 --> 00:51:51,760
if you think about kind of mars missions

1406
00:51:54,790 --> 00:51:53,359
i think they should be

1407
00:51:56,470 --> 00:51:54,800
done um

1408
00:51:58,950 --> 00:51:56,480
uh cooperatively but if you're thinking

1409
00:51:59,910 --> 00:51:58,960
about national security missions we we

1410
00:52:01,190 --> 00:51:59,920
need to

1411
00:52:03,990 --> 00:52:01,200
preserve our

1412
00:52:06,390 --> 00:52:04,000
our our preeminent uh position in space

1413
00:52:07,910 --> 00:52:06,400
michael um when you came back

1414
00:52:10,230 --> 00:52:07,920
richard nixon president united states

1415
00:52:11,670 --> 00:52:10,240
greeted you on the uss hornet

1416
00:52:13,910 --> 00:52:11,680
but you were quarantined so he couldn't

1417
00:52:15,910 --> 00:52:13,920
really talk to you but he he said at the

1418
00:52:17,270 --> 00:52:15,920
time this was the most important week

1419
00:52:18,870 --> 00:52:17,280
since creation

1420
00:52:20,470 --> 00:52:18,880
which i think you said in your book

1421
00:52:22,950 --> 00:52:20,480
maybe it was a little exaggeration but

1422
00:52:25,430 --> 00:52:22,960
maybe not um

1423
00:52:27,510 --> 00:52:25,440
you were very famous um and the other

1424
00:52:29,990 --> 00:52:27,520
two were very famous but you chose not

1425
00:52:31,829 --> 00:52:30,000
to cash in you had beer commercial

1426
00:52:34,230 --> 00:52:31,839
opportunities and all kinds of things

1427
00:52:35,750 --> 00:52:34,240
why did you try to not really go ahead

1428
00:52:37,829 --> 00:52:35,760
and make a lot of money out of your fame

1429
00:52:39,430 --> 00:52:37,839
and was there a philosophical thing you

1430
00:52:41,349 --> 00:52:39,440
thought about not making a lot of money

1431
00:52:43,190 --> 00:52:41,359
out of it

1432
00:52:44,870 --> 00:52:43,200
i'm not against money i'm not against

1433
00:52:48,230 --> 00:52:44,880
making money but

1434
00:52:50,549 --> 00:52:48,240
i don't know all my life i have never uh

1435
00:52:52,549 --> 00:52:50,559
that's never been my objective

1436
00:52:54,790 --> 00:52:52,559
you know

1437
00:52:56,309 --> 00:52:54,800
every time i've changed jobs what i've

1438
00:52:57,990 --> 00:52:56,319
wanted to do is find something

1439
00:53:03,510 --> 00:52:58,000
interesting

1440
00:53:06,390 --> 00:53:03,520
rather than money producing jobs and

1441
00:53:08,230 --> 00:53:06,400
and if i wanted to have both uh oh my

1442
00:53:10,470 --> 00:53:08,240
god i'd have to make speeches i'd have

1443
00:53:12,950 --> 00:53:10,480
to go to the washington national air and

1444
00:53:15,190 --> 00:53:12,960
space museum and be in the bottom of a

1445
00:53:16,150 --> 00:53:15,200
like a bowl and i can't tell who's up

1446
00:53:19,270 --> 00:53:16,160
there

1447
00:53:21,190 --> 00:53:19,280
and what's going on and um

1448
00:53:24,630 --> 00:53:21,200
so i don't know so now let me ask you

1449
00:53:26,630 --> 00:53:24,640
now you are um 85 years old yes

1450
00:53:28,470 --> 00:53:26,640
and you're in great shape you just did a

1451
00:53:30,470 --> 00:53:28,480
sort of triathlon recently and i guess

1452
00:53:33,190 --> 00:53:30,480
you won your age category maybe you want

1453
00:53:35,270 --> 00:53:33,200
it for younger people as well so um are

1454
00:53:36,950 --> 00:53:35,280
you your motivation in life now what is

1455
00:53:38,950 --> 00:53:36,960
it that you would like to have as your

1456
00:53:39,990 --> 00:53:38,960
legacy for your children and your

1457
00:53:41,910 --> 00:53:40,000
grandchildren for what you've

1458
00:53:43,990 --> 00:53:41,920
accomplished on earth geez i don't know

1459
00:53:45,349 --> 00:53:44,000
about legacy i like doing the triathlon

1460
00:53:47,430 --> 00:53:45,359
although the uh

1461
00:53:49,349 --> 00:53:47,440
that the training regimen is really

1462
00:53:51,829 --> 00:53:49,359
tough i have to

1463
00:53:53,990 --> 00:53:51,839
swim one length in my pool

1464
00:53:56,390 --> 00:53:54,000
run around my backyard and ride my bike

1465
00:53:59,030 --> 00:53:56,400
into the garage it's tough i want to

1466
00:54:04,309 --> 00:54:01,349
but no i uh

1467
00:54:06,069 --> 00:54:04,319
i'm a good retiree i live in florida i

1468
00:54:07,670 --> 00:54:06,079
have a lot of hobbies i

1469
00:54:10,870 --> 00:54:07,680
watercolor paint

1470
00:54:12,309 --> 00:54:10,880
i follow jeff on the stock market and

1471
00:54:27,109 --> 00:54:12,319
i

1472
00:54:29,109 --> 00:54:27,119
anyway

1473
00:54:30,549 --> 00:54:29,119
i can't answer the question i don't know

1474
00:54:32,390 --> 00:54:30,559
ask it a different partner here a

1475
00:54:33,829 --> 00:54:32,400
different way do you have any regrets

1476
00:54:35,589 --> 00:54:33,839
about the career you've had is there

1477
00:54:36,829 --> 00:54:35,599
anything you would do differently no

1478
00:54:39,589 --> 00:54:36,839
i've been very

1479
00:54:43,670 --> 00:54:39,599
lucky you know neil armstrong born in

1480
00:54:45,990 --> 00:54:43,680
1930 buzz aldrin 1930 mike collins 1930.

1481
00:54:48,549 --> 00:54:46,000
you don't call out lucky whoosh we just

1482
00:54:51,430 --> 00:54:48,559
we were there at the right time

1483
00:54:54,470 --> 00:54:51,440
and and so on i've been very lucky jeff

1484
00:54:57,109 --> 00:54:54,480
um your blue horizon what's uh what what

1485
00:55:00,309 --> 00:54:57,119
blue um origin what's the where did that

1486
00:55:02,470 --> 00:55:00,319
name come from blue origin uh is

1487
00:55:05,190 --> 00:55:02,480
earth is the blue planet and it's a

1488
00:55:07,270 --> 00:55:05,200
great place to be from

1489
00:55:09,349 --> 00:55:07,280
um is that a for-profit or a

1490
00:55:11,670 --> 00:55:09,359
not-for-profit company it's for-profit i

1491
00:55:13,990 --> 00:55:11,680
mean well it's not yet i mean it's a

1492
00:55:17,270 --> 00:55:14,000
that's a that's a that's an intention

1493
00:55:18,950 --> 00:55:17,280
for the glorious future um it's it's in

1494
00:55:21,109 --> 00:55:18,960
you know what what we would call

1495
00:55:22,870 --> 00:55:21,119
investment mode right now but

1496
00:55:24,309 --> 00:55:22,880
so but yeah i i think it can be a

1497
00:55:26,549 --> 00:55:24,319
profitable company i think it's going to

1498
00:55:27,990 --> 00:55:26,559
take a long time it wouldn't meet a

1499
00:55:29,430 --> 00:55:28,000
you know i

1500
00:55:31,270 --> 00:55:29,440
i did not go

1501
00:55:33,589 --> 00:55:31,280
i did not make a big list of all the

1502
00:55:35,270 --> 00:55:33,599
business arenas i might enter and pick

1503
00:55:36,470 --> 00:55:35,280
and force rank them and pick the one

1504
00:55:38,710 --> 00:55:36,480
that i thought would have the highest

1505
00:55:40,870 --> 00:55:38,720
return on invested capital

1506
00:55:42,870 --> 00:55:40,880
i'm doing this because i care about it

1507
00:55:44,069 --> 00:55:42,880
because i think it's important

1508
00:55:45,750 --> 00:55:44,079
but i do think it can be a

1509
00:55:47,589 --> 00:55:45,760
self-sustaining profitable business one

1510
00:55:49,589 --> 00:55:47,599
day and do you think this could be your

1511
00:55:51,430 --> 00:55:49,599
greater legacy than even amazon if if

1512
00:55:52,630 --> 00:55:51,440
you successful in all the things that uh

1513
00:55:53,910 --> 00:55:52,640
if you're talking about professional

1514
00:55:55,670 --> 00:55:53,920
endeavors when asked that what do you

1515
00:55:57,510 --> 00:55:55,680
want on your on your tombstone i always

1516
00:55:59,990 --> 00:55:57,520
like warren buffett's answer world's

1517
00:56:01,109 --> 00:56:00,000
oldest man um uh

1518
00:56:03,829 --> 00:56:01,119
but um

1519
00:56:06,150 --> 00:56:03,839
uh you know uh you know i have lots of

1520
00:56:07,589 --> 00:56:06,160
uh of of of things that are that are

1521
00:56:10,150 --> 00:56:07,599
important to me and important to my

1522
00:56:12,390 --> 00:56:10,160
heart and uh so mine are sitting here in

1523
00:56:14,470 --> 00:56:12,400
this row too but if you're talking just

1524
00:56:18,309 --> 00:56:14,480
about professional life

1525
00:56:21,349 --> 00:56:18,319
um i think that if if blue origin could

1526
00:56:23,190 --> 00:56:21,359
um enable that next generation

1527
00:56:25,510 --> 00:56:23,200
to really have

1528
00:56:27,270 --> 00:56:25,520
entrepreneurial dynamism in space

1529
00:56:28,950 --> 00:56:27,280
that would be something i would when i'm

1530
00:56:30,950 --> 00:56:28,960
80 years old i would look back on it i

1531
00:56:32,710 --> 00:56:30,960
would be so happy

1532
00:56:34,630 --> 00:56:32,720
so for both of you you're extraordinary

1533
00:56:36,150 --> 00:56:34,640
americans who had extraordinary careers

1534
00:56:37,750 --> 00:56:36,160
you've done great things for our country

1535
00:56:39,510 --> 00:56:37,760
i want to thank you on behalf of our

1536
00:56:40,710 --> 00:56:39,520
country for everything you've done and i

1537
00:56:42,390 --> 00:56:40,720
for those of you who want to learn more

1538
00:56:44,630 --> 00:56:42,400
about michael collins trip to the moon

1539
00:56:46,470 --> 00:56:44,640
and his entire career i highly recommend

1540
00:56:47,910 --> 00:56:46,480
this book carrying the fire which is i

1541
00:56:49,109 --> 00:56:47,920
think the best book ever written about

1542
00:56:52,710 --> 00:56:49,119
space

1543
00:56:58,470 --> 00:56:54,069
so thank you very much for an

1544
00:56:58,480 --> 00:57:16,549
thank you

1545
00:57:20,630 --> 00:57:18,549
well i want to thank our speakers for a

1546
00:57:22,630 --> 00:57:20,640
truly amazing evening

1547
00:57:24,470 --> 00:57:22,640
i'm a little concerned about michael's

1548
00:57:28,789 --> 00:57:24,480
criticism of this theater though since

1549
00:57:35,829 --> 00:57:32,789
okay he says i max messed it up okay

1550
00:57:38,309 --> 00:57:35,839
the uh oh again thank you boeing for

1551
00:57:40,230 --> 00:57:38,319
making this possible but mostly thanks

1552
00:57:41,910 --> 00:57:40,240
to all of you for being here tonight and

1553
00:57:44,390 --> 00:57:41,920
for coming out and supporting all of our

1554
00:57:46,630 --> 00:57:44,400
programs that we really appreciate it

1555
00:57:48,630 --> 00:57:46,640
uh without the sponsorship we would they

1556
00:57:51,109 --> 00:57:48,640
would not be possible but without your

1557
00:57:53,109 --> 00:57:51,119
support they would also not be worth

1558
00:57:55,510 --> 00:57:53,119
doing so thank you very much